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Details on Person Cook, Justin, 2020-09-10

Class:IdInstanceEdit:9699090
_displayNameCook, Justin, 2020-09-10
_timestamp2020-09-10 16:53:53
author[Person:9617639] Cook, Justin
dateTime2020-09-10 16:53:53
noteInserted by Added hyphen to COVID-19 in summation text
(modified)[Summation:9694257] This COVID-19 event has been created by a combination of computational inference (see https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) from SARS-CoV-1 data and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway.

Based on studies in other coronaviruses, SARS-COV-2 S trimers are presumed to be recruited to the assembling virion through interaction with M protein (reviewed in Ujike and Taguchi, 2015). Multiple regions of M contribute to the recruitment of S, with a single tyrosine residue in the C-terminal domain of M playing a critical role (McBride et al, 2010a; Hsieh et al, 2008). Interaction with M is aided by a dibasic motif in the C-terminus of S, which promotes retrieval of the spike protein from the cell surface by binding the COPI coat (McBride et al, 2007; Ujike et al, 2016). Palmitoylation of the C-terminus of S appears dispensible for the interaction with M in SARS-COV-1, unlike the case in other coronaviruses; whether this is also true for SARS-COV-2 remains to be determined (Ujike et al, 2012; McBride 2010b; reviewed in Ujike and Taguchi, 2015). Size estimates and modelling suggest the mature virion has approximately 300 S trimers (Neuman et al, 2006; reviewed in Chang et al, 2014).
[Summation:9694262] This COVID-19 event has been created by a combination of computational inference (see https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) from SARS-CoV-1 data and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway.

In most translation attempts the genomic viral mRNA1 in the cytosol is translated to a shortened polyprotein, pp1a, that does not contain genome replication enzymes (Baranov et al, 2005).
[Summation:9694272] This COVID-19 event has been created by a combination of computational inference (see https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) from SARS-CoV-1 data and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway.

In the host cell cytosol the pp1a polyprotein spontaneously dimerizes. This temporary dimer has weak protease activity (Chen et al, 2010)
[Summation:9694273] SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 is a bifunctional enzyme. Apart from its ex...
[Summation:9694283] This COVID-19 event has been created by a combination of computational inference (see https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) from SARS-CoV-1 data and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway.

Despite its importance, expression of M alone is not sufficient to drive formation of a mature virus (reviewed in Masters, 2006). Protein-protein interactions between M and S, N and E, among other components, are required for assembly of a mature virus and for membrane curvature. Many studies have examined the minimal system required for release of viral like particles (VLPs) with sometimes contradictory results, but interactions between M, N and E are sufficient to promote release of significant numbers of VLPs (Ho et al, 2004; Huang et al, 2004; Mortola and Roy, 2004; Hsieh et al, 2005; Siu et al, 2008; Hatakeyama et al, 2008; Tseng et al, 2013; reviewed in Masters, 2006)
[Summation:9694288] SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 is a bifunctional enzyme. Apart from its ex...
[Summation:9694291] This COVID-19 event has been created by a combination of computational inference (see https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) from SARS-CoV-1 data and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway.

Protein 3a is rapidly internalized into cells by endocytosis. It contains a Yxxφ motif and also diacidic motifs which are typically found in internalized membrane proteins (Tan et al, 2004). The ability to be internalized is necessary for the protein's pro-apoptotic function (Wong et al, 2006; Chan et al, 2009)
[Summation:9694295] This COVID-19 event has been created by a combination of computational inference (see https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) from SARS-CoV-1 data and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway.

Calnexin transiently binds the unfolded spike protein and prevents its aggregation and premature degradation, ensuring its correct folding (Fukushi et al, 2012).
[Summation:9694296] Coronavirus viroporins (3a) contain cargo sorting motifs in ...
[Summation:9694297] This COVID-19 event has been created by a combination of computational inference (see https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) from SARS-CoV-1 data and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway.

Non-structural protein 14 (nsp14) of the human SARS coronavirus is a bifunctional enzyme bearing 3'-5 exoribonuclease activity involved in replication fidelity and RNA cap N7-guanine methyltransferase activity involved in 5'-RNA capping. nsp14 binds to the minimal replication and transcription complex (RTC), composed of nsp7, nsp8, and nsp12, by directly binding to nsp12 (the main RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). Binding of nsp14 does not affect the processivity of the RTC (Minskaia et al. 2006, Subissi et al. 2014).
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by Cook, Justin, 2020-09-10 (9699090)
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