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Details on Person The liver X receptor α (LXRα or NR1H3) and LXRβ (NR1H2) are ...

Class:Id	Summation:9029528
_displayName	The liver X receptor α (LXRα or NR1H3) and LXRβ (NR1H2) are ...
_timestamp	2019-08-15 13:25:34
created	[InstanceEdit:9029533] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2017-11-20
literatureReference	[LiteratureReference:9024384] Structural requirements of ligands for the oxysterol liver X receptors LXRalpha and LXRbeta [LiteratureReference:9024340] Liver X receptor biology and pharmacology: new pathways, challenges and opportunities [LiteratureReference:9620868] Control of cellular cholesterol efflux by the nuclear oxysterol receptor LXR alpha [LiteratureReference:9611788] Knock-down of the oxysterol receptor LXRα impairs cholesterol efflux in human primary macrophages: lack of compensation by LXRβ activation [LiteratureReference:9620873] Regulation of absorption and ABC1-mediated efflux of cholesterol by RXR heterodimers [LiteratureReference:9621094] Regulation of mouse sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) by oxysterol receptors, LXRalpha and LXRbeta [LiteratureReference:9024431] Direct and indirect mechanisms for regulation of fatty acid synthase gene expression by liver X receptors [LiteratureReference:9621089] Identification of liver X receptor-retinoid X receptor as an activator of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c gene promoter [LiteratureReference:9609448] Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 deficiency protects against hypertriglyceridemia and increases plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by liver X receptor activation [LiteratureReference:9624865] Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism are impaired in mice lacking the nuclear oxysterol receptor LXR alpha [LiteratureReference:9609465] Role of LXRs in control of lipogenesis [LiteratureReference:9658381] LXRs regulate the balance between fat storage and oxidation [LiteratureReference:9658367] Reciprocal regulation of hepatic and adipose lipogenesis by liver X receptors in obesity and insulin resistance
modified	[InstanceEdit:9621101] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2018-09-26 [InstanceEdit:9624864] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2018-10-16 [InstanceEdit:9624949] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2018-10-16 [InstanceEdit:9631413] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2018-12-07 [InstanceEdit:9634037] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2019-01-03 [InstanceEdit:9658380] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2019-08-13 [InstanceEdit:9658491] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2019-08-15
text	The liver X receptor α (LXRα or NR1H3) and LXRβ (NR1H2) are nuclear receptors that are activated by endogenous oxidized derivatives of cholesterol known as oxysterols (Janowski BA et al. 1999; Jakobsson T et al. 2012). NR1H2 and NR1H3 act as whole-body cholesterol sensors and their activation results in a net elimination of cholesterol from the body and amelioration of the plasma lipoprotein profile by mobilizing cholesterol from the periphery (Venkateswaran A et al. 2000; Repa JJ et al. 2000a; Ishibashi M et al. 2013). NR1H3 (LXRα) and NR1H2 (LXRβ) also contribute to lowering of whole-body cholesterol levels by shifting acetyl-CoA units from cholesterol de novo biosynthesis to fatty acid synthesis. NR1H2 or 3-induced hepatic lipogenesis in rodents and humans is mediated by direct upregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1), the main regulator of hepatic lipogenesis that controls the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (Schultz JR et al. 2000). NR1H2 & NR1H3 may activate lipogenic gene transcription directly by biding LXR responsive element (LXRE) found in the promoter regions of several genes, such as fatty acid synthase (FAS or FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) (Repa JJ et al. 2000b; Yoshikawa T et al. 2001; Joseph SB et al. 2002; Chu K et al. 2006). Mice carrying a targeted disruption in the NR1H3 (LXRα) gene were deficient in expression of FAS, SCD1, ACC, and SREBF1 (Peet DJ et al. 1998). Mice ablated of both NR1H3 and NR1H2 showed defective hepatic lipid metabolism decreasing lipogenesis by 80% and were resistant to obesity (Repa JJ et al. 2000; Kalaany NY et al. 2005; Beaven SW et al. 2013). Further, the administration of the synthetic NR1H2 or NR1H3 ligands to mice triggered induction of the lipogenic pathway and raised plasma triglyceride levels (Schultz JR et al. 2000). These studies demonstrate the role of NR1H3 (LXRα) and NR1H2 (LXRβ) in the control of lipogenesis.
(summation)	[Pathway:9029558] NR1H2 & NR1H3 regulate gene expression linked to lipogenesis [Homo sapiens]
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