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Details on Person Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are produced in the li...
| Class:Id | Summation:8854472 |
|---|---|
| _displayName | Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are produced in the li... |
| _timestamp | 2016-03-31 12:19:08 |
| created | [InstanceEdit:8854465] Jassal, Bijay, 2016-01-27 |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:8854791] Jassal, Bijay, 2016-01-28 [InstanceEdit:8855542] Jassal, Bijay, 2016-02-04 [InstanceEdit:8855587] Jassal, Bijay, 2016-02-04 [InstanceEdit:8855613] Jassal, Bijay, 2016-02-04 [InstanceEdit:8855629] Jassal, Bijay, 2016-02-04 [InstanceEdit:8866374] Jassal, Bijay, 2016-03-31 |
| text | Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are produced in the liver to transport endogenous triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters in the hydrophilic environment of the bloodstream. They comprise triglycerides (50-60%), cholesterol (10-12%), cholesterol esters (4-6%), phospholipids (18-20%), and apolipoprotein B (8-12%). Of the protein content, two other apolipoproteins are constituents; apolipoprotein C-I (APOC around 20%) (Westerterp et al. 2007) and apolipoprotein C4 (APOC4, minor amount) (Kotite et al. 2003). After release from the liver, circulating VLDL particles can bind very low-density lipoprotein receptors (VLDLR) (Sakai et al. 1994) on extra-hepatic target cells and undergo endocytosis (Go & Mani 2012). VLDL uptake by VLDLR represents a minor contribution towards VLDL metabolism. The majority of VLDL is catalysed by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) which hydrolyses TAGs from VLDL, converting it to intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL). IDL can be further hydrolysed by hepatic lipase to cholesterol-rich low-density lipoprotein (LDL). VLDLR consists of five functional domains that resemble the LDL receptor. It is highly expressed in tissues that actively metabolise fatty acids as a source of energy. Binding of VLDLs to VLDLR appears to be inhibited by apolipoprotein C-I (APOC1), therby slowing the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the circulation (Westerterp et al. 2007). The APOE/C1/C4/C2 gene cluster is closely associated with plasma lipid levels, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and thereby implicated in the development of coronary artery disease and Alzheimer’s disease (Xu et al. 2015). |
| (summation) | [Reaction:8854462] VLDLR binds VLDL [Homo sapiens] |
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are produced in the li... (8854472)
