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Details on Person UniProt:Q9NW08 POLR3B

Class:Id	ReferenceGeneProduct:83701
_chainChangeLog	chain:1-1133 added on Fri February 6 2015
_displayName	UniProt:Q9NW08 POLR3B
_timestamp	2025-02-21 19:22:19
chain	chain:1-1133
checksum	F0B3AFF892DDED7D
comment	FUNCTION Catalytic core component of RNA polymerase III (Pol III), a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which synthesizes small non-coding RNAs using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Synthesizes 5S rRNA, snRNAs, tRNAs and miRNAs from at least 500 distinct genomic loci (PubMed:20413673, PubMed:33558766). Pol III-mediated transcription cycle proceeds through transcription initiation, transcription elongation and transcription termination stages. During transcription initiation, Pol III is recruited to DNA promoters type I, II or III with the help of general transcription factors and other specific initiation factors. Once the polymerase has escaped from the promoter it enters the elongation phase during which RNA is actively polymerized, based on complementarity with the template DNA strand. Transcription termination involves the release of the RNA transcript and polymerase from the DNA (PubMed:20413673, PubMed:33335104, PubMed:33558764, PubMed:33558766, PubMed:33674783, PubMed:34675218). Forms Pol III active center together with the largest subunit POLR3A/RPC1. A single-stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol III. Appends one nucleotide at a time to the 3' end of the nascent RNA, with POLR3A/RPC1 contributing a Mg(2+)-coordinating DxDGD motif, and POLR3B/RPC2 participating in the coordination of a second Mg(2+) ion and providing lysine residues believed to facilitate Watson-Crick base pairing between the incoming nucleotide and template base. Typically, Mg(2+) ions direct a 5' nucleoside triphosphate to form a phosphodiester bond with the 3' hydroxyl of the preceding nucleotide of the nascent RNA, with the elimination of pyrophosphate (PubMed:19609254, PubMed:20413673, PubMed:33335104, PubMed:33558764, PubMed:33674783, PubMed:34675218). Pol III plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as a nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF-kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway.CATALYTIC ACTIVITY RNA(n) + a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = RNA(n+1) + diphosphateCOFACTOR Two Mg(2+) ions are coordinated by both the catalytic residues and the nucleic acid substrate to enhance substrate recognition and catalytic efficiency.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex consisting of 17 subunits: a ten-subunit catalytic core composed of POLR3A/RPC1, POLR3B/RPC2, POLR1C/RPAC1, POLR1D/RPAC2, POLR3K/RPC10, POLR2E/RPABC1, POLR2F/RPABC2, POLR2H/RPABC3, POLR2K/RPABC4 and POLR2L/RPABC5; a mobile stalk composed of two subunits POLR3H/RPC8 and CRCP/RPC9, protruding from the core and functioning primarily in transcription initiation; and additional subunits homologous to general transcription factors of the RNA polymerase II machinery, POLR3C/RPC3-POLR3F/RPC6-POLR3G/RPC7 heterotrimer required for transcription initiation and POLR3D/RPC4-POLR3E/RPC5 heterodimer involved in both transcription initiation and termination.SUBCELLULAR LOCATION The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated N-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated N-terminus.
description	recommendedName: DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC2 shortName: RNA polymerase III subunit C2 ecNumber evidence="4 10 12 16"2.7.7.6 alternativeName: C128 alternativeName: DNA-directed RNA polymerase III 127.6 kDa polypeptide alternativeName: DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit B
geneName	POLR3B
identifier	Q9NW08
isSequenceChanged	FALSE
keyword	3D-structure Alternative splicing Antiviral defense Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Cytoplasm Disease variant DNA-directed RNA polymerase Immunity Innate immunity Leukodystrophy Magnesium Metal-binding Neurodegeneration Neuropathy Nucleotidyltransferase Nucleus Proteomics identification Reference proteome Transcription Transferase Zinc Zinc-finger
modified	[InstanceEdit:9836292] Weiser, Joel, 2023-05-25 [InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9862192] Weiser, Joel, 2024-02-26 [InstanceEdit:9909836] Weiser, Joel, 2024-05-14 [InstanceEdit:9917590] Weiser, Joel, 2024-08-09 [InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9939033] Weiser, Joel, 2025-02-21
name	POLR3B
referenceDatabase	[ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt
referenceGene	[ReferenceDNASequence:8995663] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000013503 POLR3B [Homo sapiens]
secondaryIdentifier	RPC2_HUMAN A8K6H0 B3KV73 F5H1E6 Q9NW59
sequenceLength	1133
species	[Species:48887] Homo sapiens
(isoformParent)	[ReferenceIsoform:8968970] UniProt:Q9NW08-1 POLR3B [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceIsoform:8968971] UniProt:Q9NW08-2 POLR3B [Homo sapiens]
(referenceEntity)	[EntityWithAccessionedSequence:83702] POLR3B [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:1964435] POLR3B [cytosol] [Homo sapiens]
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:Q9NW08 POLR3B (83701)