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Details on Person Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalizat...
| Class:Id | Summation:76366 |
|---|---|
| _displayName | Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalizat... |
| _timestamp | 2008-05-28 09:06:56 |
| created | [InstanceEdit:76326] Jassal, B, 2003-08-05 00:00:00 |
| literatureReference | [Book:141063] Toxicology |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:140169] Jassal, B, 2004-08-12 06:06:46 [InstanceEdit:140961] Jassal, B, 2004-08-25 10:59:57 [InstanceEdit:141062] Jassal, B, 2004-08-27 04:15:09 [InstanceEdit:141184] Jassal, B, 2004-09-03 06:05:44 [InstanceEdit:141448] Matthews, L, 2004-09-20 15:43:00 [InstanceEdit:156574] Jassal, B, 2004-11-29 09:36:43 [InstanceEdit:266179] Jassal, B, 2008-04-25 13:27:59 [InstanceEdit:351510] D'Eustachio, P, 2008-05-25 14:33:44 [InstanceEdit:351780] Jassal, B, 2008-05-28 09:06:10 |
| text | Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalization, that is the introduction or exposure of functional groups on the chemical structure of a compound. This provides a 'handle' for phase 2 conjugating species with which to react with. Many xenobiotics are lipophilic and almost chemically inert (e.g. PAHs) so would not necessarily undergo a phase 2 reaction. Making them more chemically reactive would facilitate their excretion but also increases their chance of reacting with cellular macromolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA). There is a fine balance between producing a more reactive metabolite and conjugation reactions. There are two groups of enzymes in phase 1 - oxidoreductases and hydrolases. Oxidoreductases introduce an oxygen atom into or remove electrons from their substrates. The major oxidoreductase enzyme system is called the P450 monooxygenases. Other systems include flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO), cyclooxygenases (COX) and monoamine oxidases (MAO). Hydrolases hydrolyse esters, amides, epoxides and glucuronides. |
| (summation) | [Pathway:211945] Phase I - Functionalization of compounds [Homo sapiens] |
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalizat... (76366)
