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Details on Person UniProt:P10599 TXN

Class:Id	ReferenceGeneProduct:66001
_chainChangeLog	initiator methionine:1 added on Fri February 6 2015;chain:2-105 added on Fri February 6 2015;initiator methionine:1 for 66001 removed on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 66001 added on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 66001 removed on Fri Aug 15 2025;initiator methionine:1 for 66001 added on Fri Aug 15 2025
_displayName	UniProt:P10599 TXN
_timestamp	2025-08-15 21:49:42
chain	initiator methionine:1 chain:2-105
checksum	256F4E3C8A187693
comment	FUNCTION Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions (PubMed:17182577, PubMed:19032234, PubMed:2176490). Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity (PubMed:16408020, PubMed:17606900). Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity (PubMed:11118054, PubMed:9108029).FUNCTION ADF augments the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor TAC (IL2R/P55).SUBUNIT Homodimer; disulfide-linked (PubMed:17260951, PubMed:9369469). Interacts with TXNIP through the redox-active site (PubMed:17260951). Interacts with MAP3K5 and CASP3 (PubMed:15246877). In case of infection, interacts with S.typhimurium protein slrP (PubMed:19690162). Interacts with APEX1; the interaction stimulates the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in a redox-dependent manner (PubMed:9108029).INTERACTION Translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induction (PMA) (PubMed:9108029). Predominantly in the cytoplasm in non irradiated cells (PubMed:11118054). Radiation induces translocation of TRX from the cytoplasm to the nucleus (PubMed:11118054). Secreted by a leaderless secretory pathway (PubMed:1332947).ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS Up-regulated by ionizing radiation.PTM In the fully reduced protein, both Cys-69 and Cys-73 are nitrosylated in response to nitric oxide (NO). When two disulfide bonds are present in the protein, only Cys-73 is nitrosylated. Cys-73 can serve as donor for nitrosylation of target proteins.PTM In case of infection, ubiquitinated by S.typhimurium protein slrP, leading to its degradation.ALLERGEN Causes an allergic reaction in human (PubMed:17182577, PubMed:19032234, PubMed:21489611). Recombinant protein binds to IgE in atopic eczema-suffering patients allergic to opportunistic skin-colonizing yeast M.sympodialis. Intermediate cross-reactivity is detected between the recombinant thioredoxin from M.sympodialis (Mala s 13) and recombinant form of this protein. Skin-prick test (SPT) and atopy patch test (APT) with 5 patients confirm cross-reactivity between the two proteins (PubMed:17182577). Recombinant protein binds to IgE of patients suffering from allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and cross-reacts extensively with recombinant thioredoxin proteins from A.fumigatus (Asp f 28 and Asp f 29) and Mala s 13. Causes a positive skin reaction and induces proliferation of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in ABPA patients allergic to this protein. Acts as an IgE-binding self-antigen in ABPA patients allergic to fungal thioredoxin (PubMed:19032234). In atopic dermatitis (AD)-suffering patients allergic to M.sympodialis, a cross-reactivity between Mala s 13 and this protein can be detected in T-cells of the peripheral blood and skin. Keratinocytes stimulated by interferon (IFN)-alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release thioredoxin, which then becomes available for cross-reactivity with Mala s 13-specific T cells. The autoreactive T cells identified include T-helper 1 (Th1), T-helper 2 (Th2), T-helper 17 (Th17) and T-helper 22 (Th22) phenotypes. Skinhoming T cells autoreactive to this protein may be relevant for cutaneous inflammation in patients with AD (PubMed:21489611).SIMILARITY Belongs to the thioredoxin family.
description	recommendedName: Thioredoxin shortName: Trx alternativeName: ATL-derived factor shortName: ADF alternativeName: Surface-associated sulphydryl protein shortName: SASP allergenName evidence="20"Hom s Trx/allergenName
geneName	TXN TRDX TRX TRX1
identifier	P10599
isSequenceChanged	FALSE
keyword	3D-structure Acetylation Activator Allergen Alternative splicing Cytoplasm Direct protein sequencing Disulfide bond Electron transport Nucleus Proteomics identification Redox-active center Reference proteome S-nitrosylation Secreted Transcription Transcription regulation Transport Ubl conjugation
modified	[InstanceEdit:9836292] Weiser, Joel, 2023-05-25 [InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9917590] Weiser, Joel, 2024-08-09 [InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9963647] Weiser, Joel, 2025-08-15
name	TXN
referenceDatabase	[ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt
referenceGene	[ReferenceDNASequence:8991609] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000136810 TXN [Homo sapiens]
secondaryIdentifier	THIO_HUMAN B1ALW1 O60744 Q53X69 Q96KI3 Q9UDG5
sequenceLength	105
species	[Species:48887] Homo sapiens
(isoformParent)	[ReferenceIsoform:8971691] UniProt:P10599-1 TXN [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceIsoform:8971692] UniProt:P10599-2 TXN [Homo sapiens]
(referenceEntity)	[EntityWithAccessionedSequence:66000] TXN [cytosol] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:73668] 2xHC-TXN [cytosol] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:9617732] TXN [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:9617733] 2xHC-TXN [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens]
(referenceSequence)	[IntraChainCrosslinkedResidue:111706] Intra-chain Crosslink via L-cystine (cross-link) at 32 and 35
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:P10599 TXN (66001)