Reactome: A Curated Pathway Database
THIS SITE IS USED FOR CURATION AND TESTING
IT IS NOT STABLE, IS LINKED TO AN INCOMPLETE DATA SET, AND IS NOT MONITORED FOR PERFORMANCE. WE STRONGLY RECOMMEND THE USE OF OUR PUBLIC SITE

Query author contributions in Reactome

Reactome depends on collaboration between our curation team and outside experts to assemble and peer-review its pathway modules. The integration of ORCID within Reactome enables us to meet a key challenge with authoring, curating and reviewing biological information by incentivizing and crediting the external experts that contribute their expertise and time to the Reactome curation process. More information is available at ORCID and Reactome.

If you have an ORCID ID that is not listed on this page, please forward this information to us and we will update your Reactome pathway records.

Name Email address

Details on Person UniProt:P20226 TBP

Class:IdReferenceGeneProduct:65891
_chainChangeLogchain:1-339 added on Sat February 7 2015
_displayNameUniProt:P20226 TBP
_timestamp2026-02-20 22:38:58
chainchain:1-339
checksumA61A578D972B970B
commentFUNCTION The TFIID basal transcription factor complex plays a major role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription (PubMed:33795473). TFIID recognizes and binds promoters with or without a TATA box via its subunit TBP, a TATA-box-binding protein, and promotes assembly of the pre-initiation complex (PIC) (PubMed:2194289, PubMed:2363050, PubMed:2374612, PubMed:27193682, PubMed:33795473). The TFIID complex consists of TBP and TBP-associated factors (TAFs), including TAF1, TAF2, TAF3, TAF4, TAF5, TAF6, TAF7, TAF8, TAF9, TAF10, TAF11, TAF12 and TAF13 (PubMed:27007846, PubMed:33795473). The TFIID complex structure can be divided into 3 modules TFIID-A, TFIID-B, and TFIID-C (PubMed:33795473). TBP forms the TFIID-A module together with TAF3 and TAF5 (PubMed:33795473). TBP is a general transcription factor that functions at the core of the TFIID complex (PubMed:2194289, PubMed:2363050, PubMed:2374612, PubMed:27193682, PubMed:33795473, PubMed:9836642). During assembly of the core PIC on the promoter, as part of TFIID, TBP binds to and also bends promoter DNA, irrespective of whether the promoter contains a TATA box (PubMed:33795473). Component of a BRF2-containing transcription factor complex that regulates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III (PubMed:26638071). Component of the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex, which is involved in the assembly of the PIC during RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription (PubMed:15970593). The rate of PIC formation probably is primarily dependent on the rate of association of SL1 with the rDNA promoter (PubMed:15970593). SL1 is involved in stabilization of nucleolar transcription factor 1/UBTF on rDNA (PubMed:15970593).SUBUNIT Binds DNA as monomer (PubMed:2194289, PubMed:2374612). Component of the TFIID basal transcription factor complex, composed of TATA-box-binding protein TBP, and a number of TBP-associated factors (TAFs), including TAF1, TAF2, TAF3, TAF4, TAF5, TAF6, TAF7, TAF8, TAF9, TAF10, TAF11, TAF12 and TAF13 (PubMed:27007846, PubMed:33795473, PubMed:9836642). Part of a TFIID-containing RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex that is composed of TBP and at least GTF2A1, GTF2A2, GTF2E1, GTF2E2, GTF2F1, GTF2H2, GTF2H3, GTF2H4, GTF2H5, GTF2B, TCEA1, ERCC2, ERCC3, TAF1, TAF2, TAF3, TAF4, TAF5, TAF6, TAF7, TAF8, TAF9, TAF10, TAF11, TAF12 and TAF13 (PubMed:27007846, PubMed:27193682, PubMed:33795473). Component of the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex, composed of TBP and at least TAF1A, TAF1B, TAF1C and TAF1D (PubMed:7801123). Association of TBP to form either TFIID or SL1/TIF-IB appears to be mutually exclusive (PubMed:7801123). Interacts with TAF1A, TAF1B and TAF1C (PubMed:7801123). Interacts with TFIIB, NCOA6, DRAP1, DR1 and ELF3 (PubMed:10391676, PubMed:10567404, PubMed:11461703). Interacts with SPIB, SNAPC1, SNAPC2 and SNAPC4 (PubMed:10196196, PubMed:12621023). Interacts with UTF1 (PubMed:9748258). Interacts with BRF2; this interaction promotes recruitment of BRF2 to TATA box-containing promoters (PubMed:11564744, PubMed:26638071). Interacts with UBTFD (PubMed:7982918). Interacts with GPBP1D (By similarity). Interacts with CITED2 (By similarity). Interacts with ATF7IP (Probable). Interacts with LLPH (By similarity). Interacts with HSF1 (via transactivation domain) (PubMed:11005381). Interacts with GTF2B (via C-terminus); this interaction with promoter-bound TBP guides RNA polymerase II into the pre-initiation complex (PIC) (PubMed:8504927). Interacts with PAX5 (PubMed:10197586). Interacts with MSX1; the interaction may inhibit MSX1 autoinactivation (By similarity). Interacts with ZNF76; inhibiting TBP activity (PubMed:15280358).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HIV-1 Tat.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with herpes simplex virus 1 ICP4.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with herpes simplex virus 2 ICP4.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with human adenovirus E1A protein; this interaction probably disrupts the TBP-TATA complex.INTERACTION Widely expressed, with levels highest in the testis and ovary.POLYMORPHISM The poly-Gln region of TBP is highly polymorphic (25 to 42 repeats) in normal individuals and is expanded to about 47-63 repeats in spinocerebellar ataxia 17 (SCA17) patients.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.SIMILARITY Belongs to the TBP family.
descriptionrecommendedName: TATA-box-binding protein alternativeName: TATA sequence-binding protein alternativeName: fullName evidence="36 37"TATA-binding factor alternativeName: TATA-box factor alternativeName: Transcription initiation factor TFIID TBP subunit
geneNameTBP
GTF2D1
TF2D
TFIID
identifierP20226
isSequenceChangedFALSE
keyword3D-structure
Alternative splicing
Disease variant
DNA-binding
Host-virus interaction
Neurodegeneration
Nucleus
Proteomics identification
Reference proteome
Repeat
Spinocerebellar ataxia
Transcription
Transcription regulation
Triplet repeat expansion
modified[InstanceEdit:9836292] Weiser, Joel, 2023-05-25
[InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03
[InstanceEdit:9862192] Weiser, Joel, 2024-02-26
[InstanceEdit:9909836] Weiser, Joel, 2024-05-14
[InstanceEdit:9917590] Weiser, Joel, 2024-08-09
[InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03
[InstanceEdit:9983091] Weiser, Joel, 2026-02-20
nameTBP
referenceDatabase[ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt
referenceGene[ReferenceDNASequence:8995170] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000112592 TBP [Homo sapiens]
secondaryIdentifierTBP_HUMAN
B4E3B3
F5H869
Q16845
Q6IBM6
Q9UC02
sequenceLength339
species[Species:48887] Homo sapiens
(isoformParent)[ReferenceIsoform:8970771] UniProt:P20226-1 TBP [Homo sapiens]
[ReferenceIsoform:8970772] UniProt:P20226-2 TBP [Homo sapiens]
(referenceEntity)[EntityWithAccessionedSequence:83718] TBP [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens]
[Change default viewing format]
No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:P20226 TBP (65891)