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Details on Person UniProt:P01880 IGHD
| Class:Id | ReferenceGeneProduct:53946 |
|---|---|
| _chainChangeLog | chain:-384 added on Fri February 6 2015;chain:1-384 for 53946 removed on Fri May 5 2023;chain:1-430 for 53946 added on Fri May 5 2023 |
| _displayName | UniProt:P01880 IGHD |
| _timestamp | 2025-08-15 21:45:56 |
| chain | chain:1-430 |
| checksum | E1F53C43C5AF144B |
| comment | FUNCTION Constant region of immunoglobulin heavy chains. Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. Secreted immunoglobulins mediate the effector phase of humoral immunity, which results in the elimination of bound antigens (PubMed:20176268, PubMed:22158414). The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. The variable domains are assembled by a process called V-(D)-J rearrangement and can then be subjected to somatic hypermutations which, after exposure to antigen and selection, allow affinity maturation for a particular antigen (PubMed:17576170, PubMed:20176268). IgD is the major antigen receptor isotype on the surface of most peripheral B-cells, where it is coexpressed with IgM. The membrane-bound IgD (mIgD) induces the phosphorylation of CD79A and CD79B by the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases. Soluble IgD (sIgD) concentration in serum below those of IgG, IgA, and IgM but much higher than that of IgE. IgM and IgD molecules present on B cells have identical V regions and antigen-binding sites. After the antigen binds to the B-cell receptor, the secreted form sIgD is shut off. IgD is a potent inducer of TNF, IL1B, and IL1RN. IgD also induces release of IL6, IL10, and LIF from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Monocytes seem to be the main producers of cytokines in vitro in the presence of IgD (PubMed:10702483, PubMed:11282392, PubMed:8774350).SUBUNIT Immunoglobulins are composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains; disulfide-linked (PubMed:20176268). An IgD molecule contains thus a delta heavy chain combined with either a kappa or a lambda light chains. Kappa light chains are found predominantly on the membrane IgD (mIgD) form and lambda on the secreted IgD (sIgD) form, this fact is poorly understood. Membrane-bound IgD molecules are non-covalently associated with a heterodimer of CD79A and CD79B (PubMed:11282392).SUBCELLULAR LOCATION There are several alleles. The sequence shown is that of IMGT allele IGHD*02.MISCELLANEOUS IgD is not present in every species and this does not relate to phylogeny and evolution. IgD is present in primates, dog, mouse and rat whereas it is undetectable in rabbit, guinea pig, swine, cattle, sheep and Xenopus.CAUTION For an example of a full-length immunoglobulin delta heavy chain see AC P0DOX3. |
| description | recommendedName: fullName evidence="14 18"Immunoglobulin heavy constant delta alternativeName: fullName evidence="19"Ig delta chain C region alternativeName: fullName evidence="20 22"Ig delta chain C region NIG-65 alternativeName: fullName evidence="20 21"Ig delta chain C region WAH |
| geneName | IGHD |
| identifier | P01880 |
| isSequenceChanged | FALSE |
| keyword | 3D-structure Adaptive immunity Alternative splicing Cell membrane Direct protein sequencing Disulfide bond Glycoprotein Immunity Immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin domain Membrane Proteomics identification Reference proteome Secreted Transmembrane Transmembrane helix |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:84067] Schmidt, EE, 2003-12-18 04:29:09 [InstanceEdit:143527] Schmidt, EE, 2004-11-12 07:45:10 [InstanceEdit:217385] Schmidt, EE, 2008-03-27 06:23:53 [InstanceEdit:354386] Schmidt, EE, 2008-06-18 04:45:12 [InstanceEdit:384350] Kanapin, AA, 2008-11-26 14:00:39 [InstanceEdit:392885] Kanapin, AA, 2009-03-09 12:07:18 [InstanceEdit:400710] Schmidt, EE, 2009-03-25 05:33:35 [InstanceEdit:423310] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:435478] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:435871] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:447347] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:525883] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:613449] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:797602] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:937368] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1042053] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1220657] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1300696] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1301627] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1551960] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:1995863] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2132304] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2265580] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2587579] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:3445779] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5433710] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5618415] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5634237] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5673015] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:8856987] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:8987656] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9037114] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9616384] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9627708] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9637257] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9657908] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9676415] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9715482] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9750299] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9834092] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9841277] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9917590] Weiser, Joel, 2024-08-09 [InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9963647] Weiser, Joel, 2025-08-15 |
| name | IGHD |
| referenceDatabase | [ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt |
| referenceGene | [ReferenceDNASequence:9001819] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000211898 IGHD [Homo sapiens] |
| secondaryIdentifier | IGHD_HUMAN A0A087WUS7 Q6P4I8 Q8WU38 |
| sequenceLength | 430 |
| species | [Species:48887] Homo sapiens |
| (isoformParent) | [ReferenceIsoform:385304] UniProt:P01880-2 IGHD [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceIsoform:402276] UniProt:P01880-1 IGHD [Homo sapiens] |
| (referenceEntity) | [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:983583] IGHD [plasma membrane] [Homo sapiens] |
| [Change default viewing format] | |
No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:P01880 IGHD (53946)
