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Details on Person UniProt:Q9ULZ1 APLN
| Class:Id | ReferenceGeneProduct:50122 |
|---|---|
| _chainChangeLog | signal peptide:1-22 added on Fri February 6 2015;propeptide:23-41 added on Fri February 6 2015;peptide:42-77 added on Fri February 6 2015;peptide:47-77 added on Fri February 6 2015;peptide:50-77 added on Fri February 6 2015;peptide:65-77 added on Fri February 6 2015 |
| _displayName | UniProt:Q9ULZ1 APLN |
| _timestamp | 2025-02-21 20:06:24 |
| chain | signal peptide:1-22 propeptide:23-41 peptide:42-77 peptide:47-77 peptide:50-77 peptide:65-77 |
| checksum | 41521E0DBE97BFDA |
| comment | FUNCTION Peptide hormone that functions as endogenous ligand for the G-protein-coupled apelin receptor (APLNR/APJ), that plays a role in cadiovascular homeostasis (PubMed:10525157, PubMed:22810587, PubMed:35817871, PubMed:38428423). Functions as a balanced agonist activating both G(i) protein pathway and beta-arrestin pathway of APLNR (PubMed:22810587, PubMed:38428423). Downstream G proteins activation, apelin can inhibit cAMP production and activate key intracellular effectors such as ERKs (PubMed:22810587, PubMed:35817871, PubMed:38428423). On the other hand, APLNR activation induces beta-arrestin recruitment to the membrane leading to desensitization and internalization of the receptor (PubMed:22810587, PubMed:38428423). Apelin blunts cardiac hypertrophic induction from APLNR on response to pathological stimuli, but also induces myocardial hypertrophy under normal conditions (PubMed:22810587, PubMed:38428423). Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking; the oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates (By similarity). Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation (By similarity). Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity). May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior (By similarity).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR), an alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection (PubMed:11090199). Inhibits HIV-1 entry in cells coexpressing CD4 and APLNR (PubMed:11090199). Apelin-36 has a greater inhibitory activity on HIV infection than other synthetic apelin derivatives (PubMed:11090199).SUBCELLULAR LOCATION Abundantly secreted in the colostrum. Lower level in milk. Decreases rapidly within several days after parturition in milk, but is still detectable even in commercial milk.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in the brain with highest levels in the frontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain (PubMed:10617103). Secreted by the mammary gland into the colostrum and the milk.PTM Several active peptides may be produced by proteolytic processing of the peptide precursor.SIMILARITY Belongs to the apelin family. |
| description | recommendedName: Apelin alternativeName: APJ endogenous ligand component recommendedName: Apelin-36 /component component recommendedName: Apelin-31 /component component recommendedName: Apelin-28 /component component recommendedName: Apelin-13 /component |
| geneName | APLN APEL |
| identifier | Q9ULZ1 |
| isSequenceChanged | FALSE |
| keyword | 3D-structure Angiogenesis Cleavage on pair of basic residues Developmental protein Gastrulation Hormone Host-virus interaction Proteomics identification Reference proteome Secreted Signal |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:9836292] Weiser, Joel, 2023-05-25 [InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9917590] Weiser, Joel, 2024-08-09 [InstanceEdit:9939033] Weiser, Joel, 2025-02-21 |
| name | APLN |
| referenceDatabase | [ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt |
| referenceGene | [ReferenceDNASequence:9003970] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000171388 APLN [Homo sapiens] |
| secondaryIdentifier | APEL_HUMAN Q4VY08 Q8WU89 |
| sequenceLength | 77 |
| species | [Species:48887] Homo sapiens |
| (referenceEntity) | [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:374315] APLN(65-77) [extracellular region] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:374318] APLN(50-77) [extracellular region] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:374319] APLN(42-77) [extracellular region] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:374320] APLN(47-77) [extracellular region] [Homo sapiens] |
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:Q9ULZ1 APLN (50122)
