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Details on Person UniProt:P62736 ACTA2
| Class:Id | ReferenceGeneProduct:49566 |
|---|---|
| _chainChangeLog | propeptide:1-2 added on Sat February 7 2015;chain:3-377 added on Sat February 7 2015;initiator methionine:1 for 49566 removed on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 49566 added on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 49566 removed on Fri Aug 15 2025;initiator methionine:1 for 49566 added on Fri Aug 15 2025 |
| _displayName | UniProt:P62736 ACTA2 |
| _timestamp | 2025-08-15 21:35:48 |
| chain | initiator methionine:1 chain:2-377 chain:3-377 |
| checksum | 2D0543262DB35CA5 |
| comment | FUNCTION Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.CATALYTIC ACTIVITY ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+)SUBUNIT Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to 4 others.INTERACTION Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection.PTM Oxidation of Met-46 and Met-49 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. MICAL1 and MICAL2 produce the (R)-S-oxide form. The (R)-S-oxide form is reverted by MSRB1 and MSRB2, which promotes actin repolymerization.PTM Monomethylation at Lys-86 (K84me1) regulates actin-myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes. Demethylation by ALKBH4 is required for maintaining actomyosin dynamics supporting normal cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis and cell migration.PTM Methylated at His-75 by SETD3.PTM N-terminal cleavage of acetylated cysteine of intermediate muscle actin by ACTMAP.PTM (Microbial infection) Monomeric actin is cross-linked by V.cholerae toxins RtxA and VgrG1 in case of infection: bacterial toxins mediate the cross-link between Lys-52 of one monomer and Glu-272 of another actin monomer, resulting in formation of highly toxic actin oligomers that cause cell rounding (PubMed:19015515). The toxin can be highly efficient at very low concentrations by acting on formin homology family proteins: toxic actin oligomers bind with high affinity to formins and adversely affect both nucleation and elongation abilities of formins, causing their potent inhibition in both profilin-dependent and independent manners (PubMed:26228148).DISEASE ACTA2 mutations predispose patients to a variety of diffuse and diverse vascular diseases, premature onset coronary artery disease (CAD), premature ischemic strokes and Moyamoya disease.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.MISCELLANEOUS In vertebrates 3 main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins coexist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility.SIMILARITY Belongs to the actin family. |
| description | recommendedName: Actin, aortic smooth muscle ecNumber evidence="4"3.6.4.- alternativeName: Alpha-actin-2 alternativeName: Cell growth-inhibiting gene 46 protein component recommendedName: Actin, aortic smooth muscle, intermediate form /component |
| geneName | ACTA2 ACTSA ACTVS GIG46 |
| identifier | P62736 |
| isSequenceChanged | FALSE |
| keyword | Acetylation Aortic aneurysm ATP-binding Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Disease variant Hydrolase Isopeptide bond Methylation Muscle protein Nucleotide-binding Oxidation Proteomics identification Reference proteome |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:9836292] Weiser, Joel, 2023-05-25 [InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9939033] Weiser, Joel, 2025-02-21 [InstanceEdit:9963647] Weiser, Joel, 2025-08-15 |
| name | ACTA2 |
| referenceDatabase | [ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt |
| referenceGene | [ReferenceDNASequence:8958266] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000107796 ACTA2 [Homo sapiens] |
| secondaryIdentifier | ACTA_HUMAN B2R8A4 P03996 P04108 Q6FI19 |
| sequenceLength | 377 |
| species | [Species:48887] Homo sapiens |
| (referenceEntity) | [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:445792] ACTA2 [cytosol] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:8958028] ACTA2 [extracellular region] [Homo sapiens] |
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:P62736 ACTA2 (49566)
