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Details on Person UniProt:P62736 ACTA2

Class:IdReferenceGeneProduct:49566
_chainChangeLogpropeptide:1-2 added on Sat February 7 2015;chain:3-377 added on Sat February 7 2015;initiator methionine:1 for 49566 removed on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 49566 added on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 49566 removed on Fri Aug 15 2025;initiator methionine:1 for 49566 added on Fri Aug 15 2025
_displayNameUniProt:P62736 ACTA2
_timestamp2025-08-15 21:35:48
chaininitiator methionine:1
chain:2-377
chain:3-377
checksum2D0543262DB35CA5
commentFUNCTION Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.CATALYTIC ACTIVITY ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+)SUBUNIT Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to 4 others.INTERACTION Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection.PTM Oxidation of Met-46 and Met-49 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. MICAL1 and MICAL2 produce the (R)-S-oxide form. The (R)-S-oxide form is reverted by MSRB1 and MSRB2, which promotes actin repolymerization.PTM Monomethylation at Lys-86 (K84me1) regulates actin-myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes. Demethylation by ALKBH4 is required for maintaining actomyosin dynamics supporting normal cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis and cell migration.PTM Methylated at His-75 by SETD3.PTM N-terminal cleavage of acetylated cysteine of intermediate muscle actin by ACTMAP.PTM (Microbial infection) Monomeric actin is cross-linked by V.cholerae toxins RtxA and VgrG1 in case of infection: bacterial toxins mediate the cross-link between Lys-52 of one monomer and Glu-272 of another actin monomer, resulting in formation of highly toxic actin oligomers that cause cell rounding (PubMed:19015515). The toxin can be highly efficient at very low concentrations by acting on formin homology family proteins: toxic actin oligomers bind with high affinity to formins and adversely affect both nucleation and elongation abilities of formins, causing their potent inhibition in both profilin-dependent and independent manners (PubMed:26228148).DISEASE ACTA2 mutations predispose patients to a variety of diffuse and diverse vascular diseases, premature onset coronary artery disease (CAD), premature ischemic strokes and Moyamoya disease.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.MISCELLANEOUS In vertebrates 3 main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins coexist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility.SIMILARITY Belongs to the actin family.
descriptionrecommendedName: Actin, aortic smooth muscle ecNumber evidence="4"3.6.4.- alternativeName: Alpha-actin-2 alternativeName: Cell growth-inhibiting gene 46 protein component recommendedName: Actin, aortic smooth muscle, intermediate form /component
geneNameACTA2
ACTSA
ACTVS
GIG46
identifierP62736
isSequenceChangedFALSE
keywordAcetylation
Aortic aneurysm
ATP-binding
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Disease variant
Hydrolase
Isopeptide bond
Methylation
Muscle protein
Nucleotide-binding
Oxidation
Proteomics identification
Reference proteome
modified[InstanceEdit:9836292] Weiser, Joel, 2023-05-25
[InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03
[InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03
[InstanceEdit:9939033] Weiser, Joel, 2025-02-21
[InstanceEdit:9963647] Weiser, Joel, 2025-08-15
nameACTA2
referenceDatabase[ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt
referenceGene[ReferenceDNASequence:8958266] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000107796 ACTA2 [Homo sapiens]
secondaryIdentifierACTA_HUMAN
B2R8A4
P03996
P04108
Q6FI19
sequenceLength377
species[Species:48887] Homo sapiens
(referenceEntity)[EntityWithAccessionedSequence:445792] ACTA2 [cytosol] [Homo sapiens]
[EntityWithAccessionedSequence:8958028] ACTA2 [extracellular region] [Homo sapiens]
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:P62736 ACTA2 (49566)