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Details on Person UniProt:Q15758 SLC1A5

Class:IdReferenceGeneProduct:49368
_chainChangeLogchain:1-541 added on Fri February 6 2015
_displayNameUniProt:Q15758 SLC1A5
_timestamp2026-02-20 21:36:37
chainchain:1-541
checksumAD61C789CCFFE934
commentFUNCTION Sodium-coupled antiporter of neutral amino acids. In a tri-substrate transport cycle, exchanges neutral amino acids between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, coupled to the inward cotransport of at least one sodium ion (PubMed:17094966, PubMed:23756778, PubMed:26492990, PubMed:29872227, PubMed:34741534, PubMed:8702519, PubMed:39095408, PubMed:27272177). The preferred substrate is the essential amino acid L-glutamine, a precursor for biosynthesis of proteins, nucleotides and amine sugars as well as an alternative fuel for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Exchanges L-glutamine with other neutral amino acids such as L-serine, L-threonine and L-asparagine in a bidirectional way. Provides L-glutamine to proliferating stem and activated cells driving the metabolic switch toward cell differentiation (PubMed:23756778, PubMed:24953180). The transport cycle is usually pH-independent, with the exception of L-glutamate. Transports extracellular L-glutamate coupled to the cotransport of one proton and one sodium ion in exchange for intracellular L-glutamine counter-ion. May provide for L-glutamate uptake in glial cells regulating glutamine/glutamate cycle in the nervous system (PubMed:32733894). Can transport D-amino acids. Mediates D-serine release from the retinal glia potentially affecting NMDA receptor function in retinal neurons (PubMed:17094966). Displays sodium- and amino acid-dependent but uncoupled channel-like anion conductance with a preference SCN(-) >> NO3(-) > I(-) > Cl(-) (By similarity). Through binding of the fusogenic protein syncytin-1/ERVW-1 may mediate trophoblasts syncytialization, the spontaneous fusion of their plasma membranes, an essential process in placental development (PubMed:10708449, PubMed:23492904, PubMed:38671230).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a cell surface receptor for Feline endogenous virus RD114.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a cell surface receptor for Baboon M7 endogenous virus.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a cell surface receptor for type D simian retroviruses.CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-glutamine(out) + L-serine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-glutamine(in) + L-serine(out) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-glutamine(in) + L-serine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-glutamine(out) + L-serine(in) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-asparagine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-asparagine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-glutamine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-glutamine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-valine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-valine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-glutamine(in) + L-methionine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-glutamine(out) + L-methionine(in) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-glutamine(in) + L-glutamate(out) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = L-glutamine(out) + L-glutamate(in) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY nitrate(in) = nitrate(out)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY iodide(out) = iodide(in)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY thiocyanate(in) = thiocyanate(out)ACTIVITY REGULATION Regulated by L-cysteine, which can either inhibit substrate influx or trigger substrate efflux without being transported itself.BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES Optimum pH is 7.SUBUNIT Homotrimer (Probable) (PubMed:29872227, PubMed:38671230, PubMed:39095408). Interacts with secreted ERVH48-1/suppressyn (via RBD domain); this interaction decreases SLC1A5 transport rate and may negatively regulate syncytialization (PubMed:23492904, PubMed:38671230). Interacts with ERVW-1/syncytin (via RBD domain); this interaction decreases SLC1A5 transport rate (PubMed:38671230).INTERACTION Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV.ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS A number of isoforms are produced by alternative initiation. Isoforms start at multiple alternative CUG and GUG codons.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, and intestine (PubMed:8702519). Expressed in CD34-positive hematopoietic progenitors (at protein level) (PubMed:24953180).DOMAIN The transport domain consists of four transmembrane regions 3, 6, 7 and 8 and two helical hairpins HP1 and HP2. According to the one-gate elevator transport model, substrate binding and release is controlled by HP2 which acts as a gate for the transport domain. HP2 gate opening enables substrate binding or release. The gate closes once one amino acid and up to three sodium ions bind to the transport domain, which subsequently triggers transmembrane elevator-like motion of the transporter across the plasma membrane.DOMAIN The beta-hairpin (aa 204-224) located between the helical segments of TM4 protrudes in the extracellular space and forms a docking platform for proteins of retroviral origin.SIMILARITY Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family. SLC1A5 subfamily.
descriptionrecommendedName: Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) shortName: ATB(0) alternativeName: Baboon M7 virus receptor alternativeName: RD114/simian type D retrovirus receptor alternativeName: Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 2 alternativeName: Solute carrier family 1 member 5
geneNameSLC1A5
ASCT2
M7V1
RDR
RDRC
identifierQ15758
isSequenceChangedFALSE
keyword3D-structure
Acetylation
Alternative initiation
Alternative splicing
Amino-acid transport
Antiport
Cell membrane
Glycoprotein
Host cell receptor for virus entry
Host-virus interaction
Membrane
Metal-binding
Phosphoprotein
Proteomics identification
Receptor
Reference proteome
Sodium
Transmembrane
Transmembrane helix
Transport
modified[InstanceEdit:9836292] Weiser, Joel, 2023-05-25
[InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03
[InstanceEdit:9917590] Weiser, Joel, 2024-08-09
[InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03
[InstanceEdit:9939033] Weiser, Joel, 2025-02-21
[InstanceEdit:9963647] Weiser, Joel, 2025-08-15
[InstanceEdit:9983091] Weiser, Joel, 2026-02-20
nameSLC1A5
referenceDatabase[ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt
referenceGene[ReferenceDNASequence:8998715] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000105281 SLC1A5 [Homo sapiens]
secondaryIdentifierAAAT_HUMAN
A8K9H5
B4DR77
B4DWS4
B7ZB81
D0EYG6
E9PC01
O95720
Q96RL9
Q9BWQ3
Q9UNP2
sequenceLength541
species[Species:48887] Homo sapiens
(isoformParent)[ReferenceIsoform:405887] UniProt:Q15758-1 SLC1A5 [Homo sapiens]
[ReferenceIsoform:8964663] UniProt:Q15758-2 SLC1A5 [Homo sapiens]
[ReferenceIsoform:8964664] UniProt:Q15758-3 SLC1A5 [Homo sapiens]
(referenceEntity)[EntityWithAccessionedSequence:352376] SLC1A5 [plasma membrane] [Homo sapiens]
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