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Details on Person Torso (TOR) is the earliest known receptor tyrosine kinase t...
| Class:Id | Summation:443278 |
|---|---|
| _displayName | Torso (TOR) is the earliest known receptor tyrosine kinase t... |
| _timestamp | 2010-02-12 11:33:36 |
| created | [InstanceEdit:443210] Williams, MG, 2009-10-02 |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:480995] Williams, MG, 2010-01-27 [InstanceEdit:500598] Williams, MG, 2010-02-04 [InstanceEdit:508453] Williams, MG, 2010-02-12 |
| text | Torso (TOR) is the earliest known receptor tyrosine kinase to be activated during Drosophila embryogenesis. It is required for cell fate specification in the anterior and posterior terminal regions of the early embryo. The Torso pathway specifies cell fate by inducing target gene expression. Two of the main target genes are tailless (tll) and huckebein (hkb), which respectively encode a nuclear hormone receptor and a zinc-finger transcription factor. In the Torso pathway, the ligand Trunk (TRK) is believed to bind to and activate the TOR receptor. There is strong evidence to suggest that TRK is proteolytically cleaved in the extracellular space and its C-terminal fragment is the activating part of the ligand. TOR now dimerises, and autophosphorylates on tyrosine residues in its intracellular part. One of these tyrosines is responsible for recruiting the positive regulator, Corkscrew (CSW) and another the negative regulator RasGAP aka vacuolar peduncle (VAP), a Ras GTPase-activating protein. CSW not only acts as a phosphatase but also as an adaptor molecule providing a binding site for the SH2 domain of another adaptor protein, Downstream of Receptor Kinase (DRK). DRK recruits, via binding to one of its SH3 domains, the Ras guanine-nucleotide exchange factor, Son of Sevenless (SOS). SOS is involved in activating Ras (RAS85D) by catalysing GTP exchange (see Ras/Raf/ERK pathway). Activated GTP-bound RAS85D now triggers the kinase cascade involving Polehole (PHL) aka Raf1, Downstream of Raf1 (DSOR1), and Rolled (RL) which characterises the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway. The phosphotyrosines located on the intracellular parts of TOR may additionally serve to recruit SHC-adaptor protein (SHC) and possibly other adaptors or SH2 domain-containing molecules, which may include STAT92E which is predominantly involved in the JAK/STAT pathway. DRK protein is additionally involved in interactions with the regulatory plasma membrane protein Sprouty (STY). |
| (summation) | [Pathway:443084] Torso pathway - not reviewed [Drosophila melanogaster] |
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