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Details on Person Chemokines are a large family of cytokines which orchestrate...
| Class:Id | Summation:373062 |
|---|---|
| _displayName | Chemokines are a large family of cytokines which orchestrate... |
| _timestamp | 2008-07-28 15:28:49 |
| created | [InstanceEdit:373072] Jassal, Bijay, 2008-07-14 |
| literatureReference | [LiteratureReference:373377] Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:373101] Jassal, Bijay, 2008-07-14 [InstanceEdit:373311] Jassal, Bijay, 2008-07-15 [InstanceEdit:373366] Jassal, Bijay, 2008-07-16 [InstanceEdit:374171] Jassal, Bijay, 2008-07-28 |
| text | Chemokines are a large family of cytokines which orchestrate the organized and controlled movement of leukocytes to sites of inflammation in the body. They are also potent cell activators, mediating the release of factors such as histamine and free radical production, implication cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. Chemokines are classified according to the formation of disulphide bonds between conserved cysteine motifs thus defining four structural motifs: CXC, CC, C and CX3C (Zlotnik A and Yoshie O, 2000). Subfamily A1 contains CC chemokine receptors, a C motif receptor and a CX3C motif receptor. To date, ten members of the CC chemokine receptor subfamily have been described, named CCR1-10, each receptor binding to either one or more chemokine ligands. The CC chemokine receptors are spread between subfamilies A1 (CCR1,2,3,4,5,8) and A2 (CCR6,7,9,10). Chemokine receptors associate with G-proteins to transmit cell signals following ligand binding. Subsequent activation of G proteins causes phospholipase C (PLC) to cleaves phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) into two second messenger molecules, inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), that trigger intracellular signaling events. DAG activates another enzyme, protein kinase C (PKC), and IP3 triggers the release of calcium from intracellular stores. These events promote many cascades (eg. MAP kinase pathway) that produce responses such as chemotaxis, degranulation and the release of superoxide anions. |
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