Query author contributions in Reactome
Reactome depends on collaboration between our curation team and outside experts to assemble and peer-review its pathway modules. The integration of ORCID within Reactome enables us to meet a key challenge with authoring, curating and reviewing biological information by incentivizing and crediting the external experts that contribute their expertise and time to the Reactome curation process. More information is available at ORCID and Reactome.
If you have an ORCID ID that is not listed on this page, please forward this information to us and we will update your Reactome pathway records.
Details on Person UniProt:P68431 H3C1
| Class:Id | ReferenceGeneProduct:355446 |
|---|---|
| _chainChangeLog | initiator methionine:1 added on Fri February 6 2015;chain:2-136 added on Fri February 6 2015;initiator methionine:1 for 355446 removed on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 355446 added on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 355446 removed on Fri Aug 15 2025;initiator methionine:1 for 355446 added on Fri Aug 15 2025 |
| _displayName | UniProt:P68431 H3C1 |
| _timestamp | 2026-02-20 22:22:10 |
| chain | initiator methionine:1 chain:2-136 |
| checksum | 9B89008EA50A0EF6 |
| comment | FUNCTION Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.SUBUNIT The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers (PubMed:36435862). The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. Interacts with TONSL; CHAF1A; CHAF1B; MCM2 and DNAJC9 (PubMed:33857403). Interacts with NASP; NASP is a histone chaperone that stabilizes and maintains a soluble pool of Histone H3-H4 dimers (PubMed:22195965).INTERACTION Expressed during S phase, then expression strongly decreases as cell division slows down during the process of differentiation.PTM Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me). Acetylation at Lys-123 (H3K122ac) by EP300/p300 plays a central role in chromatin structure: localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability.PTM Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.PTM Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) by CARM1 is linked to gene activation. Symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s) by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters.PTM Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 (H3K36me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) are linked to gene activation. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses and is a specific target for TP53BP1. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are linked to gene repression. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at 'Lys-120'. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Monomethylation at Lys-57 (H3K56me1) by EHMT2/G9A in G1 phase promotes interaction with PCNA and is required for DNA replication.PTM Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by VRK1 (PubMed:31527692). Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by HASPIN during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase (PubMed:15681610, PubMed:16185088). Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) from heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by MAP3K20 isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by PRKCB is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 or isoform M2 of PKM (PKM2) is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by KDM4C/JMJD2C. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by chromatin-associated CHEK1 regulates the transcription of cell cycle regulatory genes by modulating acetylation of Lys-10 (H3K9ac). Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by JAK2 promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin.PTM Monoubiquitinated at Lys-15 (H3K14ub), Lys-19 (H3K18ub) and Lys-24 (H3K23ub) by UHRF1 and HLTF at hemimethylated DNA sites following DNA replication, promoting recruitment of DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase and replication-coupled DNA methylation maintenance (PubMed:27595565, PubMed:29053958). Monoubiquitinated by RAG1 in lymphoid cells, monoubiquitination is required for V(D)J recombination (By similarity). Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation (PubMed:16678110). This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins (PubMed:16678110).PTM Lysine deamination at Lys-5 (H3K4all) to form allysine is mediated by LOXL2. Allysine formation by LOXL2 only takes place on H3K4me3 and results in gene repression.PTM Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.PTM Butyrylation of histones marks active promoters and competes with histone acetylation. It is present during late spermatogenesis.PTM Succinylation at Lys-80 (H3K79succ) by KAT2A takes place with a maximum frequency around the transcription start sites of genes (PubMed:29211711). It gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation (PubMed:29211711). Desuccinylation at Lys-123 (H3K122succ) by SIRT7 in response to DNA damage promotes chromatin condensation and double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair (PubMed:27436229).PTM Serine ADP-ribosylation by PARP1 or PARP2 constitutes the primary form of ADP-ribosylation of proteins in response to DNA damage (PubMed:30257210, PubMed:34874266). Serine ADP-ribosylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ADPr) promotes recruitment of CHD1L (PubMed:34874266). H3S10ADPr is mutually exclusive with phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and impairs acetylation at Lys-10 (H3K9ac) (PubMed:30257210).PTM Serotonylated by TGM2 at Gln-6 (H3Q5ser) during serotonergic neuron differentiation (PubMed:30867594). H3Q5ser is associated with trimethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me3) and enhances general transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex-binding to H3K4me3, thereby facilitating transcription (PubMed:30867594).PTM Dopaminylated by TGM2 at Gln-6 (H3Q5dop) in ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons (PubMed:32273471). H3Q5dop mediates neurotransmission-independent role of nuclear dopamine by regulating relapse-related transcriptional plasticity in the reward system (By similarity).PTM Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to stimulates gene transcription.DISEASE The gene represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis. HIST1H3B mutations affecting residue Lys-28 involved in post-translational modifications of histone H3.1 are recurrent in malignant, aggressive gliomas including pediatric non-brain stem glioblastoma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) (PubMed:22286216). The mechanism through which mutations lead to tumorigenesis involves altered histone methylation, impaired regulation of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) activity, and aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression (PubMed:23603901).DISEASE HIST1H3B or HIST1H3C mutations affecting residue Lys-37 of histone H3.1 are involved in the pathogenesis of pediatric undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas. The mechanism through which mutations lead to tumorigenesis involves altered histones methylation with gain of global H3K27 methylation, altered Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) activity, aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression and impaired differentiation of mesenchimal progenitor cells.MISCELLANEOUS This histone is only present in mammals and is enriched in acetylation of Lys-15 and dimethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me2).SIMILARITY Belongs to the histone H3 family.CAUTION The original paper reporting lysine deamination at Lys-5 by LOXL2 has been retracted due to inappropriate manipulation of figure data (PubMed:22483618, PubMed:27392148). However, this modification was confirmed in a subsequent publication (PubMed:27735137). |
| created | [InstanceEdit:354386] Schmidt, EE, 2008-06-18 04:45:12 |
| description | recommendedName: Histone H3.1 alternativeName: Histone H3/a alternativeName: Histone H3/b alternativeName: Histone H3/c alternativeName: Histone H3/d alternativeName: Histone H3/f alternativeName: Histone H3/h alternativeName: Histone H3/i alternativeName: Histone H3/j alternativeName: Histone H3/k alternativeName: Histone H3/l |
| geneName | H3C1 H3FA HIST1H3A H3C2 H3FL HIST1H3B H3C3 H3FC HIST1H3C H3C4 H3FB HIST1H3D H3C6 H3FD HIST1H3E H3C7 H3FI HIST1H3F H3C8 H3FH HIST1H3G H3C10 H3FK HIST1H3H H3C11 H3FF HIST1H3I H3C12 H3FJ HIST1H3J |
| identifier | P68431 |
| isSequenceChanged | FALSE |
| keyword | 3D-structure Acetylation ADP-ribosylation Chromosome Citrullination Direct protein sequencing Disease variant DNA-binding Hydroxylation Isopeptide bond Lipoprotein Methylation Nucleosome core Nucleus Phosphoprotein Proteomics identification Reference proteome Ubl conjugation |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:384350] Kanapin, AA, 2008-11-26 14:00:39 [InstanceEdit:392885] Kanapin, AA, 2009-03-09 12:07:18 [InstanceEdit:400710] Schmidt, EE, 2009-03-25 05:33:35 [InstanceEdit:423310] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:435478] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:435871] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:447347] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:525883] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:613449] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:797602] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:937368] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1042053] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1220657] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1300696] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1301627] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1551960] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:1995863] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2132304] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2265580] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2455454] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:3132113] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5083144] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5433710] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5618415] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5634237] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5673015] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:6807888] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:8987656] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9027688] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9037114] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9607352] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9637257] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9666080] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9676415] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9715482] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9730071] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9767224] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9796772] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9819394] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9834092] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9917590] Weiser, Joel, 2024-08-09 [InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9939033] Weiser, Joel, 2025-02-21 [InstanceEdit:9963647] Weiser, Joel, 2025-08-15 [InstanceEdit:9983091] Weiser, Joel, 2026-02-20 |
| name | H3C1 |
| referenceDatabase | [ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt |
| referenceGene | [ReferenceDNASequence:8957971] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000275379 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceDNASequence:8957487] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000274750 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceDNASequence:8958093] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000197409 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceDNASequence:8958439] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000197153 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceDNASequence:8957689] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000275714 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceDNASequence:8958496] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000278828 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceDNASequence:9666118] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000287080 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceDNASequence:9666117] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000286522 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceDNASequence:8957848] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000273983 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] [ReferenceDNASequence:8991303] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000277775 H3C1 [Homo sapiens] |
| secondaryIdentifier | H31_HUMAN A0PJT7 A5PLR1 P02295 P02296 P16106 Q6ISV8 Q6NWP8 Q6NWP9 Q6NXU4 Q71DJ3 Q93081 |
| sequenceLength | 136 |
| species | [Species:48887] Homo sapiens |
| (referenceEntity) | [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:212070] HIST1H3A [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:212105] MeK10-HIST1H3A [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:212220] Me3K28-HIST1H3A [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:427378] Me2K10-HIST1H3A [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:427507] 2xAcK-HIST1H3A [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:427734] Me3K10-HIST1H3A [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:977570] HIST1H3A [extracellular region] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:1214170] Me2K5-HIST1H3A [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:1214186] Me3K5-HIST1H3A [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:4549217] Ack15-HIST1H3A [nucleoplasm] [Homo sapiens] |
| (referenceSequence) | [ModifiedResidue:212044] N6-methyl-L-lysine at 10 [ModifiedResidue:417279] N6-methyl-L-lysine at 27 [ModifiedResidue:427506] N6-acetyl-L-lysine at 10 [ModifiedResidue:448755] N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine at 10 [ModifiedResidue:448758] N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine at 10 [ModifiedResidue:448785] N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine at 28 [ModifiedResidue:1214174] N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine at 5 [ModifiedResidue:1214179] N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine at 5 [ModifiedResidue:4551289] N6-acetyl-L-lysine at unknown position [ModifiedResidue:4568759] N6-acetyl-L-lysine at 5 |
| [Change default viewing format] | |
No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:P68431 H3C1 (355446)
