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Details on Person UniProt:Q16881-5 TXNRD1

Class:IdReferenceIsoform:252810
_chainChangeLogchain:1-649 added on Fri February 6 2015
_displayNameUniProt:Q16881-5 TXNRD1
_timestamp2026-02-20 22:39:38
chainchain:1-649
checksum5A51C3F77EB03EFE
commentFUNCTION Reduces disulfide protein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form (PubMed:8577704). Homodimeric flavoprotein involved in the regulation of cellular redox reactions, growth and differentiation. A selenocysteine residue at the C-terminal active site is essential for catalysis (Probable). Also has reductase activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (PubMed:10849437).FUNCTION Induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions.FUNCTION Enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2.FUNCTION Enhances the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor ESR2 only (PubMed:15199063). Mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid (PubMed:9774665).CATALYTIC ACTIVITY [thioredoxin]-dithiol + NADP(+) = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + NADPH + H(+)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY H2O2 + NADPH + H(+) = NADP(+) + 2 H2OCOFACTOR Binds 1 FAD per subunit.BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES kcat is 100 min(-1) with H2O2 as substrate.SUBUNIT Homodimer (PubMed:17512005, PubMed:8577704). Interacts with HERC5.SUBUNIT Interacts with ESR1 and ESR2.INTERACTION Expressed predominantly in Leydig cells (at protein level). Also expressed in ovary, spleen, heart, liver, kidney and pancreas and in a number of cancer cell lines.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed with highest levels in kidney, testis, uterus, ovary, prostate, placenta and fetal liver.INDUCTION Induced by estradiol or testosterone in HeLa cells.INDUCTION Induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid (at protein level).DOMAIN The N-terminal glutaredoxin domain does not contain the C-P-Y-C redox-active motif normally found in glutaredoxins and has been found to be inactive in classical glutaredoxin assays.PTM The N-terminus is blocked.PTM ISGylated.MISCELLANEOUS The thioredoxin reductase active site is a redox-active disulfide bond. A C-terminal selenocysteine residue is essential for catalytic activity.MISCELLANEOUS Minor isoform.MISCELLANEOUS Major isoform. The N-terminus of the sequence is processed into a mature form that lacks residues Met-151 and Asn-152 at the N-terminus.SIMILARITY Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.SEQUENCE CAUTION Truncated C-terminus.
created[InstanceEdit:217385] Schmidt, EE, 2008-03-27 06:23:53
descriptionrecommendedName: fullName evidence="29"Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic shortName: TR ecNumber evidence="14"1.8.1.9 alternativeName: Gene associated with retinoic and interferon-induced mortality 12 protein shortName: GRIM-12 shortName: Gene associated with retinoic and IFN-induced mortality 12 protein alternativeName: KM-102-derived reductase-like factor alternativeName: fullName evidence="30"Peroxidase TXNRD1 ecNumber evidence="6"1.11.1.2 alternativeName: Thioredoxin reductase TR1
geneNameTXNRD1
GRIM12
KDRF
identifierQ16881
isoformParent
isSequenceChangedFALSE
keyword3D-structure
Acetylation
Alternative splicing
Cytoplasm
Direct protein sequencing
Disulfide bond
Electron transport
FAD
Flavoprotein
NADP
Nucleus
Oxidoreductase
Phosphoprotein
Proteomics identification
Redox-active center
Reference proteome
Selenocysteine
Transport
Ubl conjugation
modified[InstanceEdit:9836292] Weiser, Joel, 2023-05-25
[InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03
[InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03
[InstanceEdit:9939033] Weiser, Joel, 2025-02-21
[InstanceEdit:9983091] Weiser, Joel, 2026-02-20
nameTXNRD1
referenceDatabase[ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt
referenceGene[ReferenceDNASequence:5649891] ENSEMBL:ENSG00000198431 TXNRD1 [Homo sapiens]
secondaryIdentifierTRXR1_HUMAN
B7Z1F4
B7Z3Y8
B7Z904
E9PMY9
F5H780
Q6FI31
Q6VB40
Q6VB41
Q6VB42
Q6VBP2
Q6VBP3
Q6VBP4
Q6VBP5
Q6VBP9
Q6VBQ0
Q6YNQ1
Q76P53
Q7LA96
Q8WVC8
Q99475
Q9UES8
Q9UH79
sequenceLength649
species[Species:48887] Homo sapiens
variantIdentifierQ16881-5
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