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Details on Person UniProt:P84244 H3-3a
| Class:Id | ReferenceGeneProduct:231470 |
|---|---|
| _chainChangeLog | initiator methionine:1 added on Sat February 7 2015;chain:2-136 added on Sat February 7 2015;initiator methionine:1 for 231470 removed on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 231470 added on Fri Nov 03 2023;initiator methionine: for 231470 removed on Fri Aug 15 2025;initiator methionine:1 for 231470 added on Fri Aug 15 2025 |
| _displayName | UniProt:P84244 H3-3a |
| _timestamp | 2026-02-20 23:06:06 |
| chain | initiator methionine:1 chain:2-136 |
| checksum | 5158ED279E6F9E1C |
| comment | FUNCTION Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes. Constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.SUBUNIT The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. Interacts with HIRA, a chaperone required for its incorporation into nucleosomes. Interacts with ZMYND11; when trimethylated at 'Lys-36' (H3.3K36me3). Found in a co-chaperone complex with DNJC9, MCM2 and histone H3.3-H4 dimers (By similarity). Within the complex, interacts with DNJC9 (via C-terminus); the interaction is direct (By similarity). Interacts with ASF1A, MCM2, NASP and SPT2 (By similarity). Interacts with DAXX; the interaction is direct (By similarity). Interacts with NASP; NASP is a histone chaperone that stabilizes and maintains a soluble pool of Histone H3-H4 dimers (By similarity).SUBCELLULAR LOCATION Expressed throughout the cell cycle independently of DNA synthesis.DOMAIN Specific interaction of trimethylated form at 'Lys-36' (H3.3K36me3) with ZMYND11 is mediated by the encapsulation of Ser-32 residue with a composite pocket formed by the tandem bromo-PWWP domains (By similarity). Interacts with ZMYND11; when trimethylated at 'Lys-36' (H3.3K36me3).PTM Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me). Acetylation at Lys-123 (H3K122ac) by EP300/p300 plays a central role in chromatin structure: localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability.PTM Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.PTM Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) by CARM1 is linked to gene activation. Symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s) by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters.PTM Specifically enriched in modifications associated with active chromatin such as methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 and Lys-80. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses and is a specific target for TP53BP1. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me), which are linked to gene repression, are underrepresented. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at 'Lys-120'. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Monomethylation at Lys-57 (H3K56me1) by EHMT2/G9A in G1 phase promotes interaction with PCNA and is required for DNA replication.PTM Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by VRK1 (By similarity). Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by HASPIN during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) from heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by MAP3K20 isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by PRKCB is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 or isoform M2 of PKM (PKM2) is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by KDM4C/JMJD2C. Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by JAK2 promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin. Phosphorylation on Ser-32 (H3S31ph) is specific to regions bordering centromeres in metaphase chromosomes. metaphase chromosomes.PTM Monoubiquitinated at Lys-15 (H3K14ub), Lys-19 (H3K18ub) and Lys-24 (H3K23ub) by UHRF1 and HLTF at hemimethylated DNA sites following DNA replication, promoting recruitment of DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase and replication-coupled DNA methylation maintenance (By similarity). Monoubiquitinated by RAG1 in lymphoid cells, monoubiquitination is required for V(D)J recombination (PubMed:20122409). Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins (PubMed:20122409).PTM Lysine deamination at Lys-5 (H3K4all) to form allysine is mediated by LOXL2. Allysine formation by LOXL2 only takes place on H3K4me3 and results in gene repression.PTM Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.PTM Butyrylation of histones marks active promoters and competes with histone acetylation. It is present during late spermatogenesis.PTM Hydroxybutyrylation of histones is induced by starvation. It is linked to gene activation and may replace histone acetylation on the promoter of specific genes in response to fasting.PTM Succinylation at Lys-80 (H3K79succ) by KAT2A takes place with a maximum frequency around the transcription start sites of genes. It gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. Desuccinylation at Lys-123 (H3K122succ) by SIRT7 in response to DNA damage promotes chromatin condensation and double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair.PTM Serine ADP-ribosylation by PARP1 or PARP2 constitutes the primary form of ADP-ribosylation of proteins in response to DNA damage. Serine ADP-ribosylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ADPr) promotes recruitment of CHD1L. H3S10ADPr is mutually exclusive with phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and impairs acetylation at Lys-10 (H3K9ac).PTM Serotonylated by TGM2 at Gln-6 (H3Q5ser) during serotonergic neuron differentiation (PubMed:30867594). H3Q5ser is associated with trimethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me3) and enhances general transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex-binding to H3K4me3, thereby facilitating transcription (PubMed:30867594).PTM Dopaminylated by TGM2 at Gln-6 (H3Q5dop) in ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons (By similarity). H3Q5dop mediates neurotransmission-independent role of nuclear dopamine by regulating relapse-related transcriptional plasticity in the reward system (By similarity).PTM Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to stimulates gene transcription.SIMILARITY Belongs to the histone H3 family. |
| created | [InstanceEdit:217385] Schmidt, EE, 2008-03-27 06:23:53 |
| description | recommendedName: Histone H3.3 |
| geneName | H3-3a H3.3a H3f3a H3-3b H3.3b H3f3b |
| identifier | P84244 |
| isSequenceChanged | FALSE |
| keyword | 3D-structure Acetylation ADP-ribosylation Chromosome Citrullination DNA-binding Hydroxylation Isopeptide bond Lipoprotein Methylation Nucleosome core Nucleus Phosphoprotein Reference proteome Ubl conjugation |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:354386] Schmidt, EE, 2008-06-18 04:45:12 [InstanceEdit:384350] Kanapin, AA, 2008-11-26 14:00:39 [InstanceEdit:392885] Kanapin, AA, 2009-03-09 12:07:18 [InstanceEdit:400710] Schmidt, EE, 2009-03-25 05:33:35 [InstanceEdit:423310] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:435478] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:435871] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:447347] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:525883] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:613449] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:797602] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:937368] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1042053] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1220657] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1300696] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1301627] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1551960] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:1995863] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2132304] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2265580] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2455454] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:3132113] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5083144] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5433710] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5618415] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5634237] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5673015] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:6807888] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:8934940] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:8987656] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9027688] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9037114] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9607352] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9637257] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9666080] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9676415] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9730071] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9767224] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9796772] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9819394] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9834092] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9917590] Weiser, Joel, 2024-08-09 [InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9963647] Weiser, Joel, 2025-08-15 [InstanceEdit:9983091] Weiser, Joel, 2026-02-20 |
| name | H3-3a |
| referenceDatabase | [ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt |
| secondaryIdentifier | H33_MOUSE P06351 P33155 Q3TW79 Q3U6D6 Q569U8 Q5HZY8 Q6TXQ5 Q8VDJ2 Q9D0H3 Q9V3W4 |
| sequenceLength | 136 |
| species | [Species:48892] Mus musculus |
| (referenceEntity) | [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:573328] Me2K10-H3f3a [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:573352] Histone H3.3 [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:1214173] Me2K5-H3f3a [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:1214175] Me3K5-H3f3a [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:4568954] AcK15-histone H3.3 [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:5617984] Me3K28-H3f3a [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:9604866] AcK10-H3f3a [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:9818494] Me3K10-H3f3a [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:9822584] H3R17me2a [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:9822917] MeK28-H3-3a [nucleoplasm] [Mus musculus] |
| (referenceSequence) | [ModifiedResidue:573386] N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine at 10 [ModifiedResidue:1214166] N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine at 5 [ModifiedResidue:1214227] N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine at 5 [ModifiedResidue:4568950] N6-acetyl-L-lysine at 15 [ModifiedResidue:5618009] N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine at 28 [ModifiedResidue:9604862] N6-acetyl-L-lysine at 10 [ModifiedResidue:9818465] N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine at 10 [ModifiedResidue:9822587] asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine at 18 [ModifiedResidue:9822941] N6-methyl-L-lysine at 28 [ModifiedResidue:9917854] N6-methyl-L-lysine at 5 |
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:P84244 H3-3a (231470)
