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Details on Person Collagen trimers in triple-helical form, referred to as proc...
| Class:Id | Summation:2127417 |
|---|---|
| _displayName | Collagen trimers in triple-helical form, referred to as proc... |
| _timestamp | 2017-08-01 11:09:14 |
| created | [InstanceEdit:2127367] Jupe, S, 2012-02-15 |
| literatureReference | [LiteratureReference:2172444] Collagens [LiteratureReference:2559597] The collagen family [LiteratureReference:2559629] Suprastructures of extracellular matrices: paradigms of functions controlled by aggregates rather than molecules [LiteratureReference:1614451] Collagen fibril formation [LiteratureReference:1650789] Collagen structure and stability [Book:2559630] Collagens, Suprastructures, and Collagen Fibril Assembly Mecham, RP The Extracellular Matrix: An Overview 978-3-642-16555-9 [LiteratureReference:2559619] Type I Collagen D-Spacing in Fibril Bundles of Dermis, Tendon, and Bone: Bridging between Nano- and Micro-Level Tissue Hierarchy [LiteratureReference:2193156] Collagen fibril form and function [LiteratureReference:2210349] Collagen fibrillogenesis: fibronectin, integrins, and minor collagens as organizers and nucleators [LiteratureReference:2559600] Regulation of collagen fibril nucleation and initial fibril assembly involves coordinate interactions with collagens V and XI in developing tendon [LiteratureReference:2002399] Assembly of collagen fibrils de novo by cleavage of the type I pC-collagen with procollagen C-proteinase. Assay of critical concentration demonstrates that collagen self-assembly is a classical example of an entropy-driven process [Book:2197818] Aspects of Protein Structure Recent studies with the electron microscope on ordered aggregates of the tropocollagen macromolecule Ramachandran, GN [LiteratureReference:1474250] Microfibrillar structure of type I collagen in situ [LiteratureReference:2559632] The 10+4 microfibril structure of thin cartilage fibrils [LiteratureReference:2559606] Lysyl oxidases in mammalian development and certain pathological conditions [LiteratureReference:2127626] The in situ conformation and axial location of the intermolecular cross-linked non-helical telopeptides of type I collagen [LiteratureReference:2127621] Cross-linking in collagen and elastin [LiteratureReference:2559640] Maturation of collagen Ketoimine cross-links by an alternative mechanism to pyridinoline formation in cartilage [LiteratureReference:2245284] Structure and formation of a stable histidine-based trifunctional cross-link in skin collagen [LiteratureReference:2210333] The regulation of size and form in the assembly of collagen fibrils in vivo [LiteratureReference:2210324] Dermal collagen fibrils are hybrids of type I and type III collagen molecules [LiteratureReference:2210334] Collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro: interaction of types I and V collagen regulates fibril diameter [LiteratureReference:2210327] Organization of fibrillar collagen in the human and bovine cornea: collagen types V and III [LiteratureReference:2210336] Identification of cross-linking sites in bovine cartilage type IX collagen reveals an antiparallel type II-type IX molecular relationship and type IX to type IX bonding [LiteratureReference:2210330] Covalent cross-linking of the NC1 domain of collagen type IX to collagen type II in cartilage [LiteratureReference:2210322] Type XII and XIV collagens mediate interactions between banded collagen fibers in vitro and may modulate extracellular matrix deformability [LiteratureReference:2167978] Proteoglycan-collagen XV in human tissues is seen linking banded collagen fibers subjacent to the basement membrane [LiteratureReference:2470802] Type XIV Collagen Regulates Fibrillogenesis: PREMATURE COLLAGEN FIBRIL GROWTH AND TISSUE DYSFUNCTION IN NULL MICE [LiteratureReference:2490299] The role of small leucine-rich proteoglycans in collagen fibrillogenesis [LiteratureReference:2559611] Inhibition of collagen fibrillogenesis by cells expressing soluble extracellular domains of DDR1 and DDR2 [LiteratureReference:2210315] The arrangement of intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds in the carboxyterminal, non-collagenous aggregation and cross-linking domain of basement-membrane type IV collagen [LiteratureReference:2210326] Construction of a model for the aggregation and cross-linking region (7S domain) of type IV collagen based upon an evaluation of the primary structure of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains in this region [LiteratureReference:2210332] Self-assembly of basement membrane collagen [LiteratureReference:1614470] A network model for the organization of type IV collagen molecules in basement membranes [LiteratureReference:2210335] Basement membrane structure in situ: evidence for lateral associations in the type IV collagen network [LiteratureReference:1614469] Electron-microscopical approach to a structural model of intima collagen [LiteratureReference:2210325] Type VI collagen microfibrils: evidence for a structural association with hyaluronan [LiteratureReference:2210312] Distribution of myocilin and extracellular matrix components in the corneoscleral meshwork of human eyes [LiteratureReference:2210331] Biglycan organizes collagen VI into hexagonal-like networks resembling tissue structures [LiteratureReference:2168937] Type VIII collagen [LiteratureReference:2210329] Expression and supramolecular assembly of recombinant alpha1(viii) and alpha2(viii) collagen homotrimers [LiteratureReference:2210353] Macromolecular organization of chicken type X collagen in vitro [LiteratureReference:2210354] Immunoelectron microscopy of type X collagen: supramolecular forms within embryonic chick cartilage [LiteratureReference:2161313] Collagen type IX: evidence for covalent linkages to type II collagen in cartilage [LiteratureReference:2167963] Tissue-specific expression of the fibril-associated collagens XII and XIV [LiteratureReference:2210356] Characterization of collagen types XII and XIV from fetal bovine cartilage [LiteratureReference:2210357] Collagen of articular cartilage [LiteratureReference:2213197] Can type VII collagen injections cure dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa? [LiteratureReference:2210345] Proteinases of the bone morphogenetic protein-1 family convert procollagen VII to mature anchoring fibril collagen [LiteratureReference:2168940] Collagenous transmembrane proteins: recent insights into biology and pathology [LiteratureReference:2559596] Molecular and structural mapping of collagen fibril interactions |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:2127617] Jupe, S, 2012-02-16 [InstanceEdit:2193155] Jupe, S, 2012-04-12 [InstanceEdit:2197793] Jupe, S, 2012-04-16 [InstanceEdit:2210318] Jupe, S, 2012-04-27 [InstanceEdit:2210347] Jupe, S, 2012-04-27 [InstanceEdit:2213196] Jupe, S, 2012-04-30 [InstanceEdit:2214292] Jupe, S, 2012-04-30 [InstanceEdit:2422439] Jassal, B, 2012-07-19 [InstanceEdit:2506896] Jupe, S, 2012-10-03 [InstanceEdit:2559649] Jupe, S, 2012-11-05 [InstanceEdit:2588538] Jupe, S, 2012-11-19 [InstanceEdit:5577005] Matthews, Lisa, 2014-05-28 [InstanceEdit:9014524] Varusai, Thawfeek, 2017-08-01 |
| text | Collagen trimers in triple-helical form, referred to as procollagen or collagen molecules, are exported from the ER and trafficked through the Golgi network before secretion into the extracellular space. For fibrillar collagens namely types I, II, III, V, XI, XXIV and XXVII (Gordon & Hahn 2010, Ricard-Blum 2011) secretion is concomitant with processing of the N and C terminal collagen propeptides. These processed molecules are known as tropocollagens, considered to be the units of higher order collagen structures. They form within the extracellular space via a process that can proceed spontaneously, but in the cellular environment is regulated by many collagen binding proteins such as the FACIT (Fibril Associated Collagens with Interrupted Triple helices) family collagens and Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans (SLRPs). The architecture formed ultimately depends on the collagen subtype and the cellular conditions. Structures include the well-known fibrils and fibres formed by the major structural collagens type I and II plus several different types of supramolecular assembly (Bruckner 2010). The mechanical and physical properties of tissues depend on the spatial arrangement and composition of these collagen-containing structures (Kadler et al. 1996, Shoulders & Raines 2009, Birk & Bruckner 2011). Fibrillar collagen structures are frequently heterotypic, composed of a major collagen type in association with smaller amounts of other types, e.g. type I collagen fibrils are associated with types III and V, while type II fibrils frequently contain types IX and XI (Wess 2005). Fibres composed exclusively of a single collagen type probably do not exist, as type I and II fibrils require collagens V and XI respectively as nucleators (Kadler et al. 2008, Wenstrup et al. 2011). Much of the structural understanding of collagen fibrils has been obtained with fibril-forming collagens, particularly type I, but some central features are believed to apply to at least the other fibrillar collagen subtypes (Wess 2005). Fibril diameter and length varies considerably, depending on the tissue and collagen types (Fang et al. 2012). The reasons for this are poorly understood (Wess 2005). Some tissues such as skin have fibres that are approximately the same diameter while others such as tendon or cartilage have a bimodal distribution of thick and thin fibrils. Mature type I collagen fibrils in tendon are up to 1 cm in length, with a diameter of approx. 500 nm. An individual fibrillar collagen triple helix is less than 1.5 nm in diameter and around 300 nm long; collagen molecules must assemble to give rise to the higher-order fibril structure, a process known as fibrillogenesis, prevented by the presence of C-terminal propeptides (Kadler et al. 1987). In electron micrographs, fibrils have a banded appearance, due to regular gaps where fewer collagen molecules overlap, which occur because the fibrils are aligned in a quarter-stagger arrangement (Hodge & Petruska 1963). Collagen microfibrils are believed to have a quasi-hexagonal unit cell, with tropocollagen arranged to form supertwisted, right-handed microfibrils that interdigitate with neighbouring microfibrils, leading to a spiral-like structure for the mature collagen fibril (Orgel et al. 2006, Holmes & Kadler 2006). Neighbouring tropocollagen monomers interact with each other and are cross-linked covalently by lysyl oxidase (Orgel et al. 2000, Maki 2006). Mature collagen fibrils are stabilized by lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-links. Hydroxylysyl pyridinoline and lysyl pyridinoline cross-links form between (hydroxy) lysine and hydroxylysine residues in bone and cartilage (Eyre et al. 1984). Arginoline cross-links can form in cartilage (Eyre et al. 2010); mature bovine articular cartilage contains roughly equimolar amounts of arginoline and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline based on peptide yields. Mature collagen fibrils in skin are stabilized by the lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-link histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine (Yamauch et al. 1987). Due to the quarter-staggered arrangement of collagen molecules in a fibril, telopeptides most often interact with the triple helix of a neighbouring collagen molecule in the fibril, except for collagen molecules in register staggered by 4D from another collagen molecule. Fibril aggregation in vitro can be unipolar or bipolar, influenced by temperature and levels of C-proteinase, suggesting a role for the N- and C- propeptides in regulation of the aggregation process (Kadler et al. 1996). In vivo, collagen molecules at the fibril surface may retain their N-propeptides, suggesting that this may limit further accretion, or alternatively represents a transient stage in a model whereby fibrils grow in diameter through a cycle of deposition, cleavage and further deposition (Chapman 1989). In vivo, fibrils are often composed from more than one type of collagen. Type III collagen is found associated with type I collagen in dermal fibrils, with the collagen III on the periphery, suggesting a regulatory role (Fleischmajer et al. 1990). Type V collagen associates with type I collagen fibrils, where it may limit fibril diameter (Birk et al. 1990, White et al. 1997). Type IX associates with the surface of narrow diameter collagen II fibrils in cartilage and the cornea (Wu et al. 1992, Eyre et al. 2004). Highly specific patterns of crosslinking sites suggest that collagen IX functions in interfibrillar networking (Wess 2005). Type XII and XIV collagens are localized near the surface of banded collagen I fibrils (Nishiyama et al. 1994). Certain fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) associate with the surface of collagen fibrils, where they may serve to limit fibril fusion and thereby regulate fibril diameter (Gordon & Hahn 2010). Collagen XV, a member of the multiplexin family, is almost exclusively associated with the fibrillar collagen network, in very close proximity to the basement membrane. In human tissues collagen XV is seen linking banded collagen fibers subjacent to the basement membrane (Amenta et al. 2005). Type XIV collagen, SLRPs and discoidin domain receptors also regulate fibrillogenesis (Ansorge et al. 2009, Kalamajski et al. 2010, Flynn et al. 2010). Collagen IX is cross-linked to the surface of collagen type II fibrils (Eyre et al. 1987). Type XII and XIV collagens are found in association with type I (Walchli et al. 1994) and type II (Watt et al. 1992, Eyre 2002) fibrils in cartilage. They are thought to associate non-covalently via their COL1/NC1 domains (Watt et al. 1992, Eyre 2002). Some non-fibrillar collagens form supramolecular assemblies that are distinct from typical fibrils. Collagen VII forms anchoring fibrils, composed of antiparallel dimers that connect the dermis to the epidermis (Bruckner-Tuderman 2009). During fibrillogenesis, the nascent type VII procollagen molecules dimerize in an antiparallel manner. The C-propeptides are then removed by Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (Rattenholl et al. 2002) and the processed antiparallel dimers aggregate laterally. Collagens VIII and X form hexagonal networks and collagen VI forms beaded filament (Gordon & Hahn 2010, Ricard-Blum et al. 2011). |
| (summation) | [Pathway:2022090] Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures [Homo sapiens] |
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