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Details on Person The Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C) function...
| Class:Id | Summation:176413 |
|---|---|
| _displayName | The Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C) function... |
| _timestamp | 2016-03-17 13:41:49 |
| created | [InstanceEdit:176411] Matthews, L, 2006-03-07 23:42:05 |
| literatureReference | [LiteratureReference:176996] A roller coaster ride with the mitotic cyclins [LiteratureReference:174165] The anaphase-promoting complex: proteolysis in mitosis and beyond [LiteratureReference:177004] Three-dimensional structure of the anaphase-promoting complex [LiteratureReference:177001] Proteasomes: protein degradation machines of the cell [LiteratureReference:69012] Whose end is destruction: cell division and the anaphase-promoting complex [LiteratureReference:177002] The D box asserts itself [LiteratureReference:177003] The KEN box: an APC recognition signal distinct from the D box targeted by Cdh1 [LiteratureReference:176995] D box and KEN box motifs in budding yeast Hsl1p are required for APC-mediated degradation and direct binding to Cdc20p and Cdh1p [LiteratureReference:176915] The processivity of multiubiquitination by the APC determines the order of substrate degradation [LiteratureReference:177006] A conserved cyclin-binding domain determines functional interplay between anaphase-promoting complex-Cdh1 and cyclin A-Cdk2 during cell cycle progression [LiteratureReference:177093] The D-Box-activating domain (DAD) is a new proteolysis signal that stimulates the silent D-Box sequence of Aurora-A |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:176992] Matthews, L, 2006-03-20 01:06:06 [InstanceEdit:177016] Matthews, L, 2006-03-20 13:40:23 [InstanceEdit:177051] Matthews, L, 2006-03-20 23:08:41 [InstanceEdit:177094] Matthews, L, 2006-03-21 21:25:58 [InstanceEdit:177095] Matthews, L, 2006-03-21 22:16:14 [InstanceEdit:177372] Matthews, L, 2006-03-28 00:29:21 [InstanceEdit:177384] Matthews, L, 2006-03-28 00:37:16 [InstanceEdit:177822] Matthews, L, 2006-04-09 23:12:52 [InstanceEdit:177975] Matthews, L, 2006-04-13 12:34:27 [InstanceEdit:8864978] Matthews, Lisa, 2016-03-17 |
| text | The Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C) functions during mitosis to promote sister chromatid separation and mitotic exit through the degradation of mitotic cyclins and securin. This complex is also active in interphase insuring the appropriate length of the G1 phase (reviewed in Peters, 2002). The APC/C contains at least 12 subunits and functions as an ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) promoting the multiubiquitination of its target proteins (see Gieffers et al., 2001). In the ubiquitination reaction, ubiquitin is activated by the formation of a thioester bond with the (E1) ubiquitin activating enzyme then transferred to a cysteine residue within the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) and ultimately to a lysine residue within the target protein, with the aid of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the APC/C. The ubiquitin chains generated are believed to target proteins for destruction by the 26S proteasome (Reviewed in Peters, 1994 ) The activity of the APC/C is highly periodic during the cell cycle and is controlled by a combination of regulatory events. The APC/C is activated by phosphorylation and the regulated recruitment of activating subunits and is negatively regulated by sequestration by kinetochore-associated checkpoint proteins. The Emi1 protein associates with Cdh1 and Cdc20, inhibiting the APC/C between G1/S and prophase. RSSA1 may play a similar role in ihibiting the APC during early mitosis. Following phosphorylation of the APC/C core subunits by mitotic kinases, the activating subunit, Cdc20 is recruited to the APC/C and is responsible for mitotic activities, including the initiation of sister chromatid separation and the timing of exit from mitosis (See Zachariae and Nasmyth, 1999). Substrates of the Cdc20:APC/C complex, which are recognized by a motif known as the destruction box (D box) include Cyclin A, Nek2, Securin and Cyclin B. Degradation of Securin and Cyclin B does not occur until the mitotic spindle checkpoint has been satisfied (see Castro et al. 2005). Cdc20 is degraded late in mitosis (Reviewed in Owens and Hoyt, 2005). At this time the activating subunit, Cdh1, previously maintained in an inactive phosphorylated state by mitotic kinases, is dephosphorylated and associates with and activates the APC/C. The APC/C:Cdh1 complex recognizes substrates containing a D box, a KEN box (Pfleger and Kirschner, 2000) or a D box activated (DAD) domain (Castro et al., 2002) sequence and promotes the ordered degration of mitotic cyclins and other mitotic proteins culminating with its own ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) subunit UbcH10 (Rape et al., 2006). This ordered degradation promotes the stability of Cyclin A at the end of G1. This stabilization, in turn, promotes the phosphorylation of Cdh1 and its abrupt dissociation from the APC/C, allowing accumulation of cyclins for the next G1/S transition (Sorensen et al., 2001). |
| (summation) | [Pathway:174143] APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins [Homo sapiens] |
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