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Details on Person UniProt:P69699 vpu
| Class:Id | ReferenceGeneProduct:165491 |
|---|---|
| _chainChangeLog | chain:1-81 added on Fri February 6 2015 |
| _displayName | UniProt:P69699 vpu |
| _timestamp | 2024-11-03 19:54:39 |
| chain | chain:1-81 |
| checksum | AB6C03F7CFEE4B51 |
| comment | FUNCTION Enhances virion budding by targeting host CD4 and Tetherin/BST2 to proteasome degradation. Degradation of CD4 prevents any unwanted premature interactions between viral Env and its host receptor CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. Degradation of antiretroviral protein Tetherin/BST2 is important for virion budding, as BST2 tethers new viral particles to the host cell membrane. Mechanistically, Vpu bridges either CD4 or BST2 to BTRC, a substrate recognition subunit of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein E3 ubiquitin ligase, induces their ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. The alteration of the E3 ligase specificity by Vpu seems to promote the degradation of host IKBKB, leading to NF-kappa-B down-regulation and subsequent apoptosis. Acts as a viroporin that forms an oligomeric ion channel in membranes. Modulates the host DNA repair mechanisms to promote degradation of nuclear viral cDNA in cells that are already productively infected in order to suppress immune sensing and proviral hyper-integration (superinfection). Manipulates PML-NBs and modulates SUMOylation of host BLM protein thereby enhancing its DNA-end processing activity toward viral unintegrated linear DNA. Also inhibits RAD52-mediated homologous repair of viral cDNA, preventing the generation of dead-end circular forms of single copies of the long terminal repeat and permitting sustained nucleolytic attack.ACTIVITY REGULATION Ion channel activity is inhibited by hexamethylene amiloride in vitro.SUBUNIT Homopentamer. Interacts with host CD4 and BRTC; these interactions induce proteasomal degradation of CD4. Interacts with host BST2; this interaction leads to the degradation of host BST2. Interacts with host FBXW11. Interacts with host AP1M1; this interaction plays a role in the mistrafficking and subsequent degradation of host BST2. Interacts with host RANBP2; this interaction allows Vpu to down-regulate host BLM sumoylation.INTERACTION The N-terminus and transmembrane domains are required for self-oligomerization and proper virion budding, whereas the cytoplasmic domain is required for CD4 degradation. The cytoplasmic domain is composed of 2 amphipathic alpha helix that form a U-shape.PTM Phosphorylated by host CK2. This phosphorylation is necessary for interaction with human BTRC and degradation of CD4.MISCELLANEOUS HIV-1 lineages are divided in three main groups, M (for Major), O (for Outlier), and N (for New, or Non-M, Non-O). The vast majority of strains found worldwide belong to the group M. Group O seems to be endemic to and largely confined to Cameroon and neighboring countries in West Central Africa, where these viruses represent a small minority of HIV-1 strains. The group N is represented by a limited number of isolates from Cameroonian persons. The group M is further subdivided in 9 clades or subtypes (A to D, F to H, J and K).SIMILARITY Belongs to the HIV-1 VPU protein family. |
| created | [InstanceEdit:165206] Schmidt, EE, 2005-08-03 04:18:22 |
| description | recommendedName: fullName evidence="1"Protein Vpu alternativeName: fullName evidence="1"U ORF protein alternativeName: fullName evidence="1"Viral protein U |
| geneName | vpu |
| identifier | P69699 |
| isSequenceChanged | FALSE |
| keyword | 3D-structure AIDS Apoptosis Host membrane Host-virus interaction Inhibition of host innate immune response by virus Inhibition of host tetherin by virus Ion channel Ion transport Membrane Phosphoprotein Transmembrane Transmembrane helix Transport Viral immunoevasion |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:217385] Schmidt, EE, 2008-03-27 06:23:53 [InstanceEdit:354386] Schmidt, EE, 2008-06-18 04:45:12 [InstanceEdit:384350] Kanapin, AA, 2008-11-26 14:00:39 [InstanceEdit:392885] Kanapin, AA, 2009-03-09 12:07:18 [InstanceEdit:400710] Schmidt, EE, 2009-03-25 05:33:35 [InstanceEdit:423310] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:435478] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:435871] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:447347] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:525883] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:613449] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:797602] Kanapin, AA [InstanceEdit:937368] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1042053] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1220657] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1300696] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1301627] Yung, CK [InstanceEdit:1551960] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:1995863] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2132304] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2265580] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:3445779] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5433710] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5618415] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5634237] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5673015] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:8987656] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9027688] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9037114] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9607352] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9627708] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9637257] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9676415] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9730071] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9767224] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9773244] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9834092] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9841277] Weiser, Joel [InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9909836] Weiser, Joel, 2024-05-14 [InstanceEdit:9926675] Weiser, Joel, 2024-11-03 |
| name | vpu |
| referenceDatabase | [ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt |
| secondaryIdentifier | VPU_HV1B1 P05920 P05922 |
| sequenceLength | 81 |
| species | [Species:164493] Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
| (referenceEntity) | [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:173168] VPU (P05922) protein [cytosol] [Human immunodeficiency virus 1] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:173260] VPU (P69699) protein [cytosol] [Human immunodeficiency virus 1] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:175150] VPU (P69699) protein [Human immunodeficiency virus 1] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:175333] VPU (P69699) protein [nucleoplasm] [Human immunodeficiency virus 1] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:175378] VPU (P05922) protein [Human immunodeficiency virus 1] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:175384] VPU (P05922) protein [nucleoplasm] [Human immunodeficiency virus 1] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:180537] VPU [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] [Human immunodeficiency virus 1] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:180579] VPU (P05922) protein [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] [Human immunodeficiency virus 1] |
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:P69699 vpu (165491)
