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Details on Person UniProt:P93025 PHOT2
| Class:Id | ReferenceGeneProduct:1601073 |
|---|---|
| _chainChangeLog | chain:1-915 added on Sat February 7 2015 |
| _displayName | UniProt:P93025 PHOT2 |
| _timestamp | 2025-08-15 22:03:09 |
| chain | chain:1-915 |
| checksum | CA163E2596289737 |
| comment | FUNCTION Protein kinase that acts as a blue light photoreceptor in a signal-transduction pathway for photo-induced movements (PubMed:14739272, PubMed:15821287, PubMed:31904040, PubMed:32855213). Triggers the phosphorylation of AHA1 and AHA2 C-terminal penultimate Thr in guard cells to activate them and induce stomatal opening in response to blue light (BL) (PubMed:15821287, PubMed:31904040). Also phosphorylates BLUS1, a kinase involved in stomatal opening (PubMed:23811955). Mediates calcium spiking of extra- and intracellular origins in response to blue light. Involved in hypocotyl phototropism. Contributes to the chloroplast accumulation in low blue light and mediates their translocation (avoidance response) at high fluence. Regulates stomata opening and photomorphogenesis response of leaf tissue. Not involved in hypocotyl elongation inhibition, anthocyanin accumulation or cotyledon opening.CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-threonyl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)COFACTOR Binds 2 FMN per subunit.ACTIVITY REGULATION Autophosphorylation is inhibited by staurosporine, but not by tyrphostin 9, sphingosine, GW5074 and BML-265.BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES Results obtained in dark state (PubMed:31316810, PubMed:33862085). Exhibits a smaller absorbance peak at 350 nm (PubMed:12068117, PubMed:31316810, PubMed:33862085, PubMed:36381146). The broad fluorescence emission spectrum peaks at 496 nm (PubMed:12068117, PubMed:31316810, PubMed:33862085). After blue-light-induced photoadduct, the maximum absorbption peak is observed at 390 nm (PubMed:31316810, PubMed:32695419, PubMed:36381146).SUBUNIT Homodimer. Interacts with PKS1, PKS2, RPT3 and PHOT1. Associates with CBC1 and CBC2 (PubMed:31904040). Binds to BHP (PubMed:28358053).INTERACTION Expressed in leaves, stems and flowers, and to a lower extent in roots (PubMed:11251116). Present in guard cells (at protein level) (PubMed:15821287).INDUCTION Light fluence rate-dependent induction, independent of light quality.DOMAIN The activation loop within the kinase domain is the target of phosphorylation (By similarity). The PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) domains are required for the binding of FMN chromophores (By similarity).PTM Autophosphorylated in response to blue light irradiation.PTM 2 molecules of FMN bind covalently to cysteines after exposure to blue light and are reversed in the dark.DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE Plants lacking both PHOT1 and PHOT2 have curled downward leaves missing color changes and lower petiole angles in response to weak or strong blue light (BL) (PubMed:14739272, PubMed:31904040, PubMed:32855213). Impaired proton H(+) pumping associated with altered increased ATP hydrolysis and absence of binding between 14-3-3 protein and H(+)-ATPase (e.g. AHA1 and AHA2) in response to BL in guard cells of plants missing PHOT1 and PHOT2 (PubMed:15821287).BIOTECHNOLOGY The flavoproteins improved LOV (iLOVs) are fluorescent flavoproteins engineered from PHOT2 by improving its photostability and brighteness, and which maybe used as oxygen-independent fluorescent reporters with a small size (PubMed:22573334). The iLOVs are PHOT2 fragments (385-496) and contain many amino-acid substitutions relative to cv. Columbia, to confer different properties in term of stablity, brightness and color (PubMed:22573334). A family of acid and Mn(III) turn-on fluorescent protein (FP) sensors, called iLovU, has been developed based on photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and the genetic incorporation of superior PET quenchers in a fluorescent flavoprotein iLov; iLovU sensors should be applicable for studying pH changes in living cells (PubMed:25197956). Blue- and red-shifted variants are promising tools for two-color microscopy based on spectral separation (PubMed:33862085).MISCELLANEOUS Undergoes a photocycle characterized by fluorescence and absorption changes induced by blue light. Half-time of photoproduct formation is 11 seconds and 15 seconds for dark regeneration.MISCELLANEOUS May be due to a competing acceptor splice site.SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. |
| created | [InstanceEdit:1601927] Preece, J, 2011-09-12 |
| description | recommendedName: fullName evidence="31 32"Phototropin-2 ecNumber evidence="21 25"2.7.11.1 alternativeName: Defective in chloroplast avoidance protein 1 alternativeName: fullName evidence="30 36"Non-phototropic hypocotyl 1-like protein 1 shortName: AtKin7 shortName evidence="30 36"NPH1-like protein 1 |
| geneName | PHOT2 CAV1 KIN7 NPL1 At5g58140 K21L19.6 |
| identifier | P93025 |
| isSequenceChanged | FALSE |
| keyword | 3D-structure Alternative splicing ATP-binding Cell membrane Chromophore Disulfide bond Flavoprotein FMN Kinase Membrane Nucleotide-binding Phosphoprotein Photoreceptor protein Receptor Reference proteome Repeat Sensory transduction Serine/threonine-protein kinase Transferase |
| modified | [InstanceEdit:1598234] Couchman, MS [InstanceEdit:1995863] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2132304] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2265580] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:2587579] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5083144] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5433710] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5634237] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:5673015] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9037114] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9637257] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9676415] Weiser, JD [InstanceEdit:9852000] Weiser, Joel, 2023-11-03 [InstanceEdit:9909836] Weiser, Joel, 2024-05-14 [InstanceEdit:9917590] Weiser, Joel, 2024-08-09 [InstanceEdit:9939033] Weiser, Joel, 2025-02-21 [InstanceEdit:9948485] Weiser, Joel, 2025-05-21 [InstanceEdit:9963647] Weiser, Joel, 2025-08-15 |
| name | PHOT2 |
| otherIdentifier | AT5G58140 P93025 P93025_ARATH |
| referenceDatabase | [ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt |
| secondaryIdentifier | PHOT2_ARATH O81204 Q8RWE6 |
| sequenceLength | 915 |
| species | [Species:170905] Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (isoformParent) | [ReferenceIsoform:8967549] UniProt:P93025-1 PHOT2 [Arabidopsis thaliana] [ReferenceIsoform:8967550] UniProt:P93025-2 PHOT2 [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| (referenceEntity) | [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:1599105] PHOT2 [nucleoplasm] [Arabidopsis thaliana] [EntityWithAccessionedSequence:1599425] phospho-PHOT2 [nucleoplasm] [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
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No pathways have been reviewed or authored by UniProt:P93025 PHOT2 (1601073)
