Query author contributions in Reactome
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Details on Person Before a gene transcript is ready to be transported out of t...
| Class:Id | Summation:110392 |
|---|---|
| _displayName | Before a gene transcript is ready to be transported out of t... |
| _timestamp | 2004-01-31 16:02:39 |
| created | [InstanceEdit:75986] Kornblihtt, AR, Proudfoot, NJ, 2003-09-11 12:45:33 |
| text | Before a gene transcript is ready to be transported out of the nucleus, it has to undergo three major processing events to produce a fully translatable mRNA. These comprise capping, splicing out of introns from within the body of the pre-mRNA, and the generation of a 3' end, by cleavage, and except in the case of histone pre-mRNAs, polyadenylation. Although each of these reactions is a biochemically distinct process, these processes are interlinked and hence, influence one another's specificity and efficiency. On the other hand, most mRNA processing reactions occur co-transcriptionally. This is particularly important in very long genes where a strictly post-transcriptional processing would imply the existence of extremely long primary transcript molecules that would be susceptible to degradation. The co-transcriptional nature of pre-mRNA processing does not necessarily imply a functional coupling between the transcription and mRNA processing machineries. In some cases it may simply reflect that processing reactions occur during transcription because they are relatively fast compared with the time it takes to transcribe a gene to its end. In other cases a tight link exists between a particular processing reaction and the transcription process, due to the ability of the carboxy-terminal (CTD) of RNA polymerase II largest subunit to bind or recruit processing factors. The CTD consists of 52 heptad repeats (YSPTSPS). Specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation patterns of serines 2 and 5 are critical for CTD function in coupling. CTD deletions that do not inactivate transcription significantly decrease the efficiency of capping, splicing and polyadenylation. The export of mRNA from the nucleus and mRNA splicing are also coupled. Mature mRNAs generated by splicing are more efficiently exported than their identical counterparts transcribed from a complementary DNA (cDNA). This effect of splicing on export is due to the recruitment of the mRNA export factor ALY to the mRNA during the splicing reaction, which in turn delivers the mRNP to the nuclear pore for export. |
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